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things named after benedict arnold

[27] Margaret died on June 19, 1775, while Arnold was at Fort Ticonderoga following its capture. Arnold and his men went towards Boston. [111] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. [69] This was the beginning of a secret correspondence between Arnold and Andr, sometimes using his wife Peggy as a willing intermediary, which culminated more than a year later with Arnold's change of sides. Promoted to the rank of brigadier general, Arnold constructed a flotilla on Lake Champlain and inflicted severe losses on a greatly superior enemy fleet near Valcour Island, New York (October 11, 1776). Following the deaths of three of his. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. He started as an apprentice At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. [120] The family left Saint John to return to London in December 1791. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". Clinton was concerned that Washington's army and the French fleet would join in Rhode Island, and he again fixed on West Point as a strategic point to capture. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and thus avoided capture. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. Benedict Arnold is an epithet for traitor in the United States; calling a person a Benedict Arnold implies that they are a traitor. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. [70] This initial letter opened a discussion on the types of assistance and intelligence that Arnold might provide, and included instructions for how to communicate in the future. His ventures met with mixed success. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). He engaged in a variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his authority. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. His scheme was to surrender the fort to the British, but it was exposed in September 1780 when revolution militia captured Andr carrying papers which revealed the plot. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. He hoped that this work would earn him wider respect and a new command; instead, it earned him and his sons a land-grant of 15,000 acres (6,100ha) in Upper Canada,[122] near present-day Renfrew, Ontario. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. This long after he lived, it would probably be impossible to know whether Benedict Arnold liked or disliked any particular food. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. "[65] A few days later, Arnold wrote to Greene and lamented over the "deplorable" and "horrid" situation of the country at that particular moment, citing the depreciating currency, disaffection of the army, and internal fighting in Congress, while predicting "impending ruin" if things did not change soon. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. In that era, people ate most of the common foods without. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. As a teenager, Arnold's family faced financial hardship. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . [106] This activity brought out Virginia's militia led by Colonel Sampson Mathews, and Arnold eventually retreated to Portsmouth to be reinforced or to evacuate. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. He proposed an action to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety to seize Fort Ticonderoga in upstate New York, which he knew was poorly defended. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. Corrections? [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. [104] He justified his actions in an open letter titled "To the Inhabitants of America", published in newspapers in October 1780. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. [43], Arnold arrived in Schuyler's camp at Fort Edward, New York, on July 24. [113], Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere. Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. Far fewer know . After his leg healed, Benedict Arnold was named Military Governor of Philadelphia. On July 12, he wrote again, making explicit the offer to surrender West Point, although his price rose to 20,000[b] (in addition to indemnification for his losses), with a 1,000[b] down payment to be delivered with the response. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) "No," he replied, and after a few moments of silence, noticing my surprise, he added, "I am perhaps the only American who cannot give you letters for his own country all the relations I had there are now broken I must never return to the States." Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. At the end of 1781 Arnold went to England. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [1] [7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. At first, he asked for indemnification of his losses and 10,000,[b] an amount that the Continental Congress had given Charles Lee for his services in the Continental Army. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. 1:38. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. Needed repairs were never ordered on the chain across the Hudson. [132], Talleyrand continued, "I must confess that I felt much pity for him, for which political puritans will perhaps blame me, but with which I do not reproach myself, for I witnessed his agony". As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. Many historians see her as having facilitated Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with her friend Andr, and she relayed their messages to each other. In 1787, he moved to Canada to run a merchant business with his sons Richard and Henry. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, an annual pension of 360,[b] and a lump sum of over 6,000. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. Answer (1 of 54): Go up to most British people and ask who Benedict Arnold was, and you will get a resounding "who?" back. 0:00. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. In 1776, he deployed defensive and delay tactics at the Battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain that gave American forces time to prepare New York's defenses. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[17] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. Arnold purchased large tracts of land in the Maugerville area, and acquired city lots in Saint John and Fredericton. Major Benjamin Tallmadge was a member of the Continental Army's Culper Ring, a network of spies established under Washington's orders,[97] and he insisted that Jameson order the prisoner to be intercepted and brought back. Arnold reopened the secret channels with the British, informing them of Schuyler's proposals and including Schuyler's assessment of conditions at West Point. By. 4. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". In the winter of 1782, he and Peggy moved to London, England. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. He wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wondered "good God, are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants? Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). [44], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. Stansbury's testimony before a British commission erroneously placed his meeting with Arnold in June. The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. He presided over the rear of the Continental Army during its retreat from Saint-Jean, where he was reported by James Wilkinson to be the last person to leave before the British arrived. We largely don't even know who he is. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. 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