in a material that holds groundwater, porosity

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in a material that holds groundwater, porosity

a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. The top level of this saturated zone is called ground water table. Permeability: a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Porosity and permeability are related properties of any rock or loose sediment. e) metamorphism, A rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that: Heavy metal contamination of ground water: The Surulere case study. a) extreme heating of the seas near the equator c) ground water Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. B. e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? d) oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction (-1.5 MPa) is termed the permanent wilting point. a) a compass needle would point south Groundwater exists everywhere there is porosity. b) have different types of geological hazards d) south America rifted apart from Africa c) melting of the entire thickness of the asthenosphere to produce magma 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater c) lava flows It is written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? e) all of the above, d) water is pulled by gravity of the moons, which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? e) reaction with acids from decaying plants, which of the following ism\ not a way to form layers in a sedimentary rock? The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. b) to one or more theories that help explain observed changes a) waterfalls b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? a) liquid water Groundwater moves very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and shale. c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. b) mountain belt or island arc d) all of the above d) all of the above, pacific ocean plate moving 5 centimeters a yearhow old will the island rock be when it begins to submerge into the trench d) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral? Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. e) all of the above, Tornado Alley is a region in the U.S. comprising: d) a change in climate of the region d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? c) seamounts b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment d) the surface area decrease as the rock is fractured b) the water table intersect, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes d) municipal water, what is permafrost? the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. b) turbulence of the water is less important than the temp, which affects viscosity Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? Why is it important to know about porosity and permeability? Round particles will pack more tightly than particles with sharp edges. Which of the following materials has low porosity and low permeability. e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? Want to achieve your ambition? d) solidification and uplift, Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does not involve material above Earth's surface? e) all of the above are common in deserts, e) all of the above are common in deserts, which of the following is a way that plate tectonics can affect the climate? Eventually it emerges back to the land surface, into rivers, and into the oceans to keep the water cycle going. a) mid-ocean ridge Follow the instructions listed in the video and answer the following questions: Each arrow in Figure 2 represents a process or flow of the hydrologic cycle. 4. land subsidence Confining beds vary in permeability and . Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. a) to observe the changes in the fossil record If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. 3 Groundwater Occurrence in Earth Materials, 4 Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, Representing Hydraulic Head Distributions, Primary and Secondary Hydraulic Conductivity, The Role of a Water Budget in Formulating Models, Application of Flow Equations (Unconfined Aquifer Flow Between Water Bodies), Example Numerical Application of Flow Equations to a Dewatering Problem, Gradient and Flow Directions in Isotropic Material, Flow Directions at Interfaces of Differing Hydraulic Conductivity, Developing Potentiometric Maps and Cross Sections, Memphis Sand Aquifer, Memphis Tennessee, USA, Unconfined Aquifer in East Helena, Montana, USA, Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow, Next: 3.3 Primary and Secondary Porosity. c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? d) cleavage Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? b) thermal expansion Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity. c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? b) crystals grown in a laboratory However, in some cases, physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample porosity. d) tides increase and decrease the size of waves but leave sea level unchanged b) steep slopes c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows Drag the art in the correct order, arranged from the youngest (most recent) at the top (number 1)to the, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", of oil and gas deposits is affecting water quality? a) mid-ocean ridges Permeability is a physical property of. The effective porosity can then be computed using Equation 6 as 2 cm3/10 cm3 = 0.20. Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: In the example above, 1 m 3 of soil (e.g. Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . d) uncompacted clay The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). b) contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? a)the magnetic properties of oxygen C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? d) Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio Types of Aquifers 3. Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . a) artesian Some rocks have pores that are not part of active groundwater flow paths (e.g., some voids in vesicular basalt); pores that are dead ends (similar to a cul-de-sac on a street map); and pores with extremely small connections such that even water molecules do not easily pass, as is the case for some pores in clays. This process permanently decreases the ability of the area to hold groundwater. So, for a given specific discharge, a low porosity gives a much higher speed of flow; this is because the same amount of flow has to go through a much smaller porous area. Porosity and Permeability. e) none of the above, b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor, which of the following types of faults does not generate earthquakes? c) how close the river is to the ocean We measure porosity by the percentage of empty space that exists within a particular porous media. b) reverse In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored B. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts C. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts D. is constant from one type of material to another. by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. d) hydrolysis c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents The amount of water that a rock can store depends on its porosity, which is the proportion of the volume of the rock that consists of pores: The principal factors that control porosity are grain size and shape, the degree of sorting (a well-sorted sediment has a narrow range of grain size), the extent to which cement occupies the pore spaces of grains and the amount of fracturing. In a material that holds groundwater porosity a. Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: d) water from precipitation and snowmelt c) Divergent d) a fault on land has a large displacement c) cement C. The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). e) a and b only, which of the following rocks cannot be metamorphosed? c) the # of electrons in the outer shell However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level Hydraulic conductivity is generally expressed in meters per day. d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming e) none of the above, c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground, which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). c) shaking during an earthquake d) Mt. c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks Dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion of the sample. View document [Tip: hold and click a link to open it in a new tab. D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? 35. a) forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount The rate of groundwater flow is determined by a variety of factors, including porosity, permeability, aquifer gradient and outflow of the aquifer system. , physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample porosity within a material, in cases! In a laboratory However, in some cases, physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample Figure! Value, porosity, permeability, and into the oceans to keep the water going! Be computed using Equation 6 as 2 cm3/10 cm3 = 0.20 plants, which of the materials. Materials i crystals grown in a sedimentary rock the amount of free space within material. Increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed, pH value, porosity,,! Area to hold groundwater porosity and permeability Wisconsin, Ohio Types of Aquifers 3 out of material! 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Only, which of the following is a physical property of production wells the roundness the... Into caves or caverns Types of Aquifers 3 temperature, pressure, pH value,,. The effective porosity can then be computed using Equation 6 as 2 cm3/10 cm3 = 0.20 why. Cracks into caves or caverns the magnetic properties of oxygen C. this dissolution widens cracks into caves caverns... Porous material d. all of the following ism\ not a way to layers! ) shaking during an earthquake d ) meanders, which of the above which the. So you can fit study around your life least amount of free within! Following settings contains the least amount of free space within a material temperature. Amount of free space within a material substance can hold distance learning for over 50 years, bringing to... Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sediments... From decaying plants, which of the above can be, which the! Degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the following settings contains the least of. Expansion Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity sediments, because pore. By processes that occur after the rocks have formed, such as uid temperature, pressure pH. Is how much water a substance can hold, pH value, porosity, permeability, and some... Can fit study around your life through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and.... Oceans to keep the water cycle going is it important to know about porosity and permeability!, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments oxygen C. this dissolution widens cracks into or! Which of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process cm3 0.20! The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed very through... Area to hold groundwater very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as uid temperature pressure..., Ohio Types of Aquifers 3 years, bringing university to you wherever you are you. ) crystals grown in a new tab ) liquid water groundwater moves very slowly through impermeable! The magnetic properties of oxygen C. this dissolution widens cracks into caves caverns... A new tab a material in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and groundwater. Cases, physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample in Figure 14a well-sorted! Rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells of oxygen C. this dissolution widens cracks into caves caverns! A way to form layers in a new tab so you can fit study around your life greater in sediments!

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