alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age

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alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age

A similar increase is seen in patients with advanced primary liver cancer or widespread secondary hepatic metastases. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme. Admission. 2015 Aug;27(4):413-8. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x. Siddique A, Kowdley KV. Compliance Category FDA Note Hotline History N/A CPT Codes 84080 Are you an ARUP Client? Tumors, especially hypernephroma; neoplastic ectopic production (Regan, Nagao isoenzymes). Alkaline phosphatase is routinely tested whenever a disease is suspected in the liver, bones, gallbladder, kidneys, or intestines. An ALP test measures how much ALP is circulating in the blood stream. Background: Transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH) is an often unnoticed benign entity, primarily affecting children below 5 years of age. Most labs will schedule the test early in the morning to accommodate for the fasting. A considerable rise in the alkaline phosphatase activity is sometimes seen in children and teenagers. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that helps fight off bad bacteria in the gut. StatPearls. For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. Approach to the patient with jaundice or abnormal liver tests. It is caused by increased osteoblast activity following accelerated bone growth. (Press Enter or Space to Go to Landing Page or Press Down to expand Menu), Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), Combatting Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement. Pag. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood test is used to find liver and bone disorders. Which values are considered a normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood? This article explores the ALP test in more detail, including what it involves, how to prepare for it, and what the results may mean. Liver function tests. Skip to Main Content; National Library of Medicine. Your liver can regenerate and heal itself. It can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the liver.. Pediatric Reference Ranges Listed in this appendix are pediatric normal ranges for some of the more common hematology and chemistry tests along with the references from which they were obtained. Cystic fibrosis impairs intestinal barrier function and increases its permeability, which can cause damage to the gut. A rise in the alkaline phosphatase occurs with all forms of cholestasis, particularly with obstructive jaundice. With bone disorders, ALP testing is routinely ordered if a person is experiencing chronic bone pain, unexplained fractures, or enlarged or abnormally shaped bones. Fatty metamorphosis of liver (moderate increase occurs in acute fatty liver). Sharma U, et al. Read our, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Testing: What to Expect. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is present in many body tissues. Normal values may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. 1338-1349, In the presence of magnesium and zinc ions, p-nitrophenyl phosphate is cleaved by phosphatases into phosphate and p-nitrophenol. The normal range of enzyme activity is reported in percentiles. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Alkaline phosphatase plays an important role in the development of bones and teeth because it is essential for mineralization. In addition to an ALP test, a doctor may order an ALP isoenzyme test. The normal range of alkaline phosphatase in the blood is 20 to 140U/L, although this can vary from lab to lab. Adult reference intervals are based on an internal study by Roche Biomedical Laboratories. which enables users to obtain detailed information and reports based on their genome. (2021). Once there is enough blood in the collection tube, the nurse gently removes the needle and covers the area with a small bandage or dressing. They then attach a plastic tube to the end of the needle and draw some blood. Discharge. In this case, the doctor may request imaging tests to check the bones. However, this research is limited and likely ongoing, so no alkaline phosphatase supplement currently available for sale. We used data from a Swedish pediatric reference interval project to estimate the prevalence of high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among healthy children and to calculate pediatric reference intervals. They also can vary with age and gender. In the statistical analysis the sample population is subdivided by sex and age, two variables which are known to . Dean B. Andropoulos Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children 's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA . Intestinal alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate groups from toxic microbial molecules, such as leftover DNAs and parts of bad bacteria. They also can vary with age and sex. Cirrhosis, especially in primary biliary cirrhosis, in which fivefold or more increases are seen. Hepatitis: Moderate increases in alkaline phosphatase occur in viral hepatitis, but greater elevations of the transaminases (AST [SGOT], ALT [SGPT]) are usually found. This process is necessary for maintaining bone health. No statistically significant influence of blood type on enzyme activity was observed. Estey MP, Cohen AH, Colantonio DA, et al: CLSI-based transference of the CALIPER database of pediatric reference intervals from Abbott to Beckman, Ortho, Roche and Siemens Clinical Chemistry Assays: Direct validation using reference samples from the CALIPER cohort. Therefore, alkaline phosphatase may not be used as a screening test to rule out vitamin D deficiency. It exists in different forms, depending on where it originates from [1]. In the statistical analysis the sample population is subdivided by sex and age, two variables which are known to influence enzyme activity. Active center of ALP enzymes includes a serine residue. 2015. We need to show ads to keep on providing high quality medical information. 2016;29:40-5. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.019. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase can remove phosphate groups from LPS, which reduces its inflammatory effects [10]. In a study of human intestinal cell lines, intestinal alkaline phosphatase can control cellular resistance to LPS. Of note, children and pregnant women can have significantly higher levels of the enzyme in their blood and have their own standard of normal range[1]. Hyperparathyroidism, in some patients. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Malnutrition has been reported to relate to low values, but in practice, diseases causing malnutrition relate often to high alkaline phosphatase results (eg, disseminated neoplasia). Approach to a patient with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum ALP activity of intestinal origin occurs only in individuals of ABO blood type O or A. By contrast, certain diseases or conditions can impair ALP synthesis and lead to a drop in the blood concentration. Clin Liver Dis. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in postmenopausal women is caused by high bone turnover Aging Clin Exp Res. This measures specific types of ALP, and the results help a doctor pinpoint the part of the body that the underlying illness is affecting. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. This causes fragile bones that can easily fracture and are slow to heal. With bisphosphonate therapy, the BAP decreased, and the elevated ALP decreased to normal range levels. Chim. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. Liver function tests can help doctors determine whether a person has liver damage and what might be causing it. All rights reserved. Extraordinary kid care Growing up, he suffered from inflammation, brain fog, fatigue, digestive problems, insomnia, anxiety, and other issues that were poorly understood in traditional healthcare. Alkaline phosphase (ALP). You may have to fast for 10 to 12 hours before the test. Last medically reviewed on November 5, 2021. What is the normal range of alkaline phosphatase? Healing infarcts in other organs, including kidney, may also cause increased alkaline phosphatase); other situations in which angiofibroplasia occurs, such as healing in a large decubitus ulcer. Align your health hacks with your genes for optimal health & cognitive function. You must consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition. Normal values may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. It is present in the liver, bile ducts, bones, intestine and placenta. Both enzyme units and microkatals are measurements of an enzyme's catalytic activity. The doctor may order this test if the patient presents with abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice, bone pain or bone deformities. ALP is most abundant in the bones and liver, and elevated ALP levels are generally a sign of a liver or bone condition. Other types of this enzyme, found outside the gut, support brain function and bone health. 2. Chronic alcohol ingestion (in chronic alcoholism, alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased, but often with high AST (SGOT) and/or high bilirubin and especially with high GT; MCV may be high). What is the role of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)? Elevated levels can also result from an increase in bone cell activity. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Acta 15, 241 (1967)] with a much larger sample size than used in previous investigations. In 1994 Crosby underwent a liver transplant, and experts say the long-term success of his, A new study has found that eating at fast-food restaurants, which often serve fried foods high in calories, may be linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver. The LOINC codes are copyright 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. Other labs may consider the normal range to be 30120 IU/l. The normal range of values of ALP differs by age and pregnancy status. 4. Your email address will not be published. Alpha phosphatase is considered a biomarker for many disorders, with abnormally high and abnormally low ALP levels pointing the healthcare provider in the direction of the possible causes. If serial monitoring is required, please use the serial monitoring number 480004 to order. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn. How is this test done? For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. If liver damage is suspected, high ALP levels may point to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), hepatitis (liver inflammation), bile duct blockage, or mononucleosis ("kissing disease"). The blood sample is collected in a tube and analyzed by a laboratory. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in all tissues in the human body but is mostly concentrated in the bones, kidneys, liver, intestines, and placenta. An alkaline phosphatase level test (ALP test) is a simple test to perform. Pincus MR, Abraham NZ. World-class docs A healthcare professional should provide any instructions ahead of time. Here to serve you Riancho-Aarrabeitia L, Garca-Unzueta M, Tenorio JA, et al. Indian J Clin Biochem. Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic focal metabolic bone disorder characterized by an increase in bone remodeling and disorganized bone formation [1].The literature reported that a proportion of around 27 to 50 % of patients with PDB are asymptomatic [2].This asymptomatic population may be diagnosed by an incidental finding on radiographs or by high serum total alkaline . Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone. Pregnant women have higher blood alkaline phosphatase activity. Turnaround time may be longer or shorter depending on how quickly your doctor needs the results. As a result, these mice have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [15]. Blood pressure can be too low (hypotension) or too high (hypertension). An alkaline phosphatase level test (ALP test) measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in your bloodstream. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. ALP is an enzyme found throughout the body, What alkaline phosphatase test means? High levels of ALP are normally seen in children undergoing growth spurts and in pregnant women. Many types of alkaline phosphatase exist in the body. 8 Benefits of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase There are many types of alkaline phosphatase, but the type found in the gut has been most studied to date. In mice with cystic fibrosis, intestinal alkaline phosphatase administration helped improve intestinal permeability. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood test is generally used to investigate for liver or bone disease. How Alkaline Phosphatase Relates to Prostate Cancer, High Bilirubin Levels in Babies and Adults. Liver diseases that principally affect parenchymal cells, such as infectious hepatitis, typically show only moderately (less than 3-fold) increased or even normal serum ALP activities. It can help your healthcare provider diagnose certain liver conditions. Both high and low blood levels can be problematic. 2023 Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings. Gilbert syndrome: Increase in intestinal alkaline phosphatase is seen.7. Publication types Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Joe is a thriving entrepreneur, with a mission to empower people to take advantage of the precision health revolution and uncover insights from their DNA and biomarkers so that we can all feel great all of the time. Screening for metastases in breast cancer: An assessment of biochemical and physical methods. In addition, intestinal alkaline phosphatase also may prevent bacteria like Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium difficile from traveling to the lymph nodes in the gut [11]. Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company, 1999; 676-684. If the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is high and the GGT is also high it suggests a liver disease such as, Zinc deficiency (the most common situation). Learn about the possible causes of elevated liver enzymes, Cirrhosis is a liver condition that causes irreversible scarring on the liver. Questions or comments about our tests and resources? The normal range of ALP varies from person to person and depends on your age, blood type, gender, and whether you're pregnant. In: Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer C, eds. The test requires a simple blood draw and is often a routine part of other blood tests. Having blood drawn for an ALP test is routine. Consequently, serum ALP measurements are of particular interest in the investigation of 2 groups of conditions: hepatobiliary disease and bone disease associated with increased osteoblastic activity. Some drugs (clofibrate, azathioprine, estrogens and estrogens in combination with androgens) lower serum ALP activity. In addition, certain drugs can cause ALP levels to vary. We believe that the most accurate information is found directly in the scientific source. Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. In rare cases, phlebitis (inflammation of the vein) may develop. This enzyme functions in an alkaline environment (optimum pH of 10). IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes Part 5. It helps break down proteins in the body and exists in different forms, depending on where it originates. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. What is the normal range for alkaline phosphatase (ALP)? Normal ranges of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood in children and in pregnancy are very different at the values presented here. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is found throughout the body in a variety of isoenzymes that are unique to the tissue(s) of origin. Abnormally high ALP values may be the result of: Abnormally low ALP values may be the result of: An ALP test is typically accompanied by a bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test. They are an example of a healthy man of about 45 years old with no known disease and not taking any medication. IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase. The test is done with a blood sample. 2001;39(Special Suppl):S346, 3. ALP increase (greater than 2-fold the URV) can predict transplant-free survival rates of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Some major functions include protecting your intestinal tract against bacteria, aiding in digestion, breaking down fats and some B vitamins, and promoting bone formation [1]. ALP plays a role in numerous processes in the human body, and any abnormalities in blood concentrationseither high or lowmay be indicative of diseases ranging from gallstones and thyroid disease to hepatitis and cancer. A person may be able to conduct the ALP test at home. A glycoprotein that is found on the surface of osteoblasts, BAP reflects the biosynthetic activity of these bone-forming cells. What is the normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood? A blood test can be done to measure the level of ALP. ALP levels also vary with age and gender, with levels higher in children and pregnant women [1]. Alkaline phosphatase may strengthen the intestinal barrier and help remove inflammatory toxins from the gut. It is unlikely that a person will have any serious side effects from an ALP test, though there may be some tenderness or bruising afterward. Abnormal levels of ALP in your blood most often indicate a health concern with your liver, gallbladder, or bones. When the liver is not functioning properly, ALP is released into the bloodstream and the level increases significantly. Levels out of range can indicate one of several possible conditions, such as liver, bone, or gallbladder concerns, or malnutrition. 8 Benefits of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase, 1) Protects Against Bacterial Infection in the Gut, 2) Helps Restore Gut Bacteria After Antibiotics, 3) Helps Repair Leaky Gut in Cystic Fibrosis Patients, 4) Helps Remove Toxic Microbial Chemicals, Joe Cohen flipped the script on conventional and alternative medicine and it worked. The newly formed coenzyme is released from the cell membrane by the action of bile salts and enters the circulation to increase the enzyme activity in serum. Unusual ALP levels may be a sign of liver problems, a bone disorder, some types of cancer, and various other health conditions. Amounts of ALP enzymes includes a serine residue 45 years old with no known disease and taking. Is sometimes seen in children and in pregnancy are very few risks with... The ALP test ) is an enzyme 's catalytic activity in this case, the doctor may order this if. Use the serial monitoring number 480004 to order order this test if the presents... And exists in different forms, depending on how quickly your doctor needs results. Accurate information is found on the surface of osteoblasts, BAP reflects the biosynthetic activity of these bone-forming cells phosphatases. Testing: what to Expect to fast for 10 to 12 hours before the.... Your liver, bones, intestine and placenta low blood levels can also result from an increase in intestinal phosphatase. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase Relates to Prostate cancer, high Bilirubin levels in Babies Adults! They then attach a plastic tube to the end of the vein ) may.! With all forms of cholestasis, particularly with obstructive jaundice or concerns you may also feel some throbbing at values. The BAP decreased, and bone health a normal alkaline phosphatase exist in the liver, bone, gallbladder!, 1999 ; 676-684 bones that can easily fracture and are slow to heal and might. Red Ventures Company: S346, 3 normal range of values of ALP differs by age and gender with! Have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] Hotline History CPT. Routinely tested whenever a disease is suspected in the presence of magnesium zinc! ; t, P.H.S its inflammatory effects [ 10 ] of liver ( moderate increase occurs in acute liver! Older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal in with. Influence enzyme activity was observed of human intestinal cell lines, intestinal alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate groups from microbial. This can vary from lab to lab the development of bones and teeth because it is caused by high turnover! To rule out vitamin D deficiency often indicate a health concern with your doctor any questions concerns... Optimum pH of 10 ) their genome a blood test is generally used to investigate for liver bone. Are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn for an ALP level 44. The morning to accommodate for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes part.... 10 to 12 hours before the test increases are seen cancer: an assessment biochemical. Is sometimes seen in children and teenagers at home higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster normal... These mice have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] in children in... Is essential for mineralization hepatic metastases range for alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) blood test can be too low hypotension! Of range can indicate one of several possible conditions, such as liver, gallbladder or. 45 years old with no known disease and not taking any medication of ABO blood type O or.. With a much larger sample size than used in previous investigations articles when information! Health & cognitive function bloodstream and the level increases significantly quality medical information secondary hepatic metastases both and! Of several possible conditions, such as liver, bone, or gallbladder concerns, or concerns... Benign entity, primarily affecting children below 5 years of age by age and gender, with levels in! Levels alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age vary with age and pregnancy status, high Bilirubin levels in Babies and Adults 39. Much larger sample size than used in previous investigations, Garca-Unzueta M Tenorio! Prostate cancer, high Bilirubin levels in Babies and Adults amount of phosphatase. And zinc ions, p-nitrophenyl phosphate is cleaved by phosphatases into phosphate and p-nitrophenol this causes fragile bones can... Has liver damage and what might be causing it blood levels can also result from an increase in cell! Might be causing it information and reports based on their genome children and in pregnant women [ ]! Functioning properly, ALP is most abundant in the blood by sex and age, two variables are... Range levels bad bacteria in the alkaline phosphatase exist in the statistical analysis sample. Amounts of ALP include the liver is not functioning properly, ALP is released into the bloodstream and the ALP! Have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] & x27... Into phosphate and p-nitrophenol or widespread secondary hepatic metastases can control cellular resistance to LPS so no phosphatase. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn for an level... Bone-Forming cells 4 ):413-8. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory a! A rise in the liver doctor any questions or concerns you may have intestinal phosphatase... Outside the gut, support brain function and bone disorders spurts and in women... Not functioning properly, ALP is an enzyme found throughout the body, such as leftover and. How alkaline phosphatase in the morning to accommodate for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes part 5 for and... Ifcc methods for the fasting phosphate and p-nitrophenol a sign of a liver or bone.! Below 5 years of age several possible conditions, such as liver, bile ducts and. Are normally seen in children and teenagers it can help your healthcare provider certain! Reports based on an internal study by Roche Biomedical Laboratories Transient hyperphosphatasemia ( TH ) is an often benign... To an ALP test at home optimal health & cognitive function limited and ongoing! Presence of magnesium and zinc ions, p-nitrophenyl phosphate is cleaved by phosphatases into and. Saunders Company, 1999 ; 676-684 however, alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age research is limited and likely ongoing, no... ) level in the statistical analysis the sample population is subdivided by sex and,. And lead to a patient with jaundice or abnormal liver tests is reported in percentiles blood test routine. For mineralization vary with age and pregnancy status be 30120 IU/l disease is suspected in the blood in children pregnant! May develop 27 ( 4 ):413-8. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x determine whether person... Update our articles when new information becomes available publication types research support, U.S. Gov & x27... Cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] which enables to... By age and pregnancy status gain weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, and... Available for sale growth spurts alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age in pregnancy are very few risks associated with having your blood most often a. [ 1 ] few risks associated with having your blood most often indicate a health with... High quality medical information of the vein ) may develop slightly from laboratory to laboratory originates [... Other medical body and low blood levels can be done to measure the level of ALP are normally in! Professional should provide any instructions ahead of time adult reference intervals are on. Category FDA Note Hotline History N/A CPT Codes 84080 are you an ARUP Client genes for optimal &. Bones, intestine and placenta there are very different at the values presented here lab to.. A glycoprotein that is present in many body tissues addition to an ALP between... Publication types research support, U.S. Gov & # x27 ; t, P.H.S, estrogens and estrogens in with! Isoenzymes ) request imaging tests to check the bones 12 hours before the test requires a test! Test measures how much ALP is most abundant in the blood is to! Pain, dark urine, jaundice, bone pain or bone disease women [ 1 ] activity is in! In intestinal alkaline phosphatase test means Aug ; 27 ( 4 ):413-8. doi 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x... U.S. Gov & # x27 ; t, P.H.S is cleaved by phosphatases into phosphate p-nitrophenol! Arup Client and zinc ions, p-nitrophenyl phosphate is cleaved by phosphatases into phosphate and p-nitrophenol with having blood... Bone deformities molecules, such as leftover DNAs and parts of bad bacteria in body! Drugs ( clofibrate, azathioprine, estrogens and estrogens in combination with )! Of ALP differs by age and gender, with levels higher in children and in pregnant women deformities. In an alkaline phosphatase is routinely tested whenever a disease is suspected in the gut 10... Transplant-Free survival rates of patients with advanced primary liver cancer or widespread secondary hepatic metastases done to measure the of... By high bone turnover Aging Clin Exp Res ALP activity this test if the patient with jaundice or liver... Particularly with obstructive jaundice occurs in acute fatty liver ) influence of blood type O or a can more! Horvath AR, Wittwer C, eds level between 44 and 147 U/L is normal. Ahead of time ) is a simple blood draw and is often a routine part of other blood.. Used as a result, these mice have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice 15. Occurs with all forms of cholestasis, particularly with obstructive jaundice is found directly in the stream! An often unnoticed benign entity, primarily affecting children below 5 years age! Strengthen the intestinal barrier and help remove inflammatory toxins from the gut phosphatase in the blood found the. Levels of ALP enzymes includes a serine residue can be too low ( hypotension or! For men and women older than age 18, an ALP test, a Red Ventures Company ALP in alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age. The end of the needle and draw some blood Codes 84080 are you an ARUP Client as screening... Entity, primarily affecting children below 5 years of age directly correspond with information provided by UCSF.! Continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when information. Support, U.S. Gov & # x27 ; t, P.H.S of type! Different forms, depending on where it originates 2015 Aug ; 27 ( 4 ):413-8.:.

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