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[13], Evans-Pritchard's Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Azande (1937) is a standard reference work on Azande witchcraft. MODELO:5+8=trece9+6=______________. Witchcraft accusations exist outside of Europe, and the most famous anthropological examination of this took place in Central Africa. What ultimately determines whether a man lives or dies? The most important, the poison oracle, is used only by men. In the later case, the accused witch it bound to respond that he is not aware of any witchcraft and if it was just him that surely the man should get better as he wishes the man the best of health. [10] Normally a crowd of villagers are surrounding them during their dance, so the witchdoctors strive to perform their dance perfectly in order to impress those who are watching. Paste/oil (rubbed into incisions on body) Actions not in line with Zande ethics and law (i.e. Observations of magic in the Azande culture shaped social norms. \text { Consulting service revenue } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 60,000\\ Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976. Where is benge stored? Uncivil people, people who accrue extra wealth and do not share, people who avoid participation in social events, might be suspected. In many parts of Africa today, AIDS is being blamed on the activity of witchcraft. \text { Accounts payable} & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 1,400 \\ \text { Interest payable } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots& & 360\\ c. spitting and particular hand gestures can be used to protect one against the evil eye (Q1) If Mary committed adultery, kill the fowl! But the oracle decides that would be pointless and that the other wife must spit water sincerely in order to purify herself so that the first wife gets well again. by Faulkner: Summary & Characters, James Weldon Johnson: Biography, Poems & Books, A Lesson Before Dying by Gaines: Characters & Summary, The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson: Summary & Analysis, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. If a branch falls and injures a child, someone is directing witchcraft at the child or their family. -Majority are now thought to be quacks -But they all believe that theoretically there ARE real WDs. Why do they not totally give up their beliefs in them? Witchcraft was inherited from the parent of the same sex. As questions are asked, the movements of this second piece give the answers. b. a 17th century description of witchcraft beliefs in northern Africa Dyadic morality further explains why all male members of a clan cannot be witches. "Anthropology is largely an attempt at translation" -Explain, Anthropology seeks to make one group culturally and intellectually understandable to another group, What do Azande call witchcraft-substance? (2) Living= Oracular associations. Traditionally, the Azande consult oracles for various reasons, including planning a marriage, going on a journey, and building a house. The Azande are a central African people chronicled in the 1930s by E.E. How is witchcraft inherited? Who usually does? a. cause seriously disruptive suspicions and accusations between individuals d. witches participate in healing rituals, c. witchcraft is learned from a close relative and requires initiation, Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Azande worry more about sorcery than witchcraft because they don't have the same machinery to stop an act of sorcery like they do for witchcraft (blowing out water etc.). d. the breakup for the traditional family, Which of the following is true about the concept of the evil eye? How has British colonization affected WD? As soon as the poison creeper is brought back from harvesting it is tested to make sure it works, not killing or letting live all fowls -If first 3 fowls live during a sance, Azande will be apprehensive. The Zande WD is just as big a believer in witchcraft as the layman- He knows that he cheats his patients, but does not comprehend that witchcraft may not be valid. 2.. The auditors discovered that they had colluded to steal electronic components by not recording the sale of items the customer took from the store. An oracular declaration that one of his kin was a witch would make him a witch as well (through uni-lateral inheritance). (1) Where is a safe place for the man to live? The younger wife was beaten until she confessed. This does not mean they deny that the poles on which the granary rested were destroyed by termites. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. For example, the Azande believe that witchcraft can operate only over short distances. (2) If chicken dies stone cold right away, sometimes taken as definitive proof of the questions answer [8] When a question is presented before these oracles, they take a branch from two trees. \text {Income taxes expense } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 6,900&\\ If you keep using the site, you accept our. By contrast, the Azande refer to sorcery as the performance of rituals, the uttering of spells, and the manipulation of organic substances, such as herbs, with the conscious intent of causing harm. Evans-Pritchard, Edward. -They then ask if this is the only witch or whether there are other witches. It is methodically used to explain any unfortunate event which takes place and provides an explanation for the unusual and inexplicable. Bad magic, however, is directed at causing harm to specifically identified innocent people. . Then the oracle is directed to kill or spare the chicken depending on whether the story is true or false. - Azande thought they were perfectly healthy and therefore thought that the Drs were giving people the disease by their mere presence! An Azande is a witch because of the inheritance of Although some Zande men are skeptical of WD, they all agree that at least SOME real WDs exist. Witchcraft was seen as inherent in a person's very existence, a substance living in the belly and practicing harm on enemies and believed to be at the source of all misfortune, however small. (4) Each man and kinship group acts without cognizance of the actions of others A set of examples chosen by Evans-Pritchard clearly demonstrates the notion of the key concepts. The company's CPA estimates that income taxes expense for the entire year is. Describe traditional Zande settlement patterns. Sticks stay together = good The company prepaid its 12-month insurance policy on March 1, 2011. Magic will turn around and act upon its sender if it doesn't find the criminal. Oracles were consulted to identify the witch causing the problem. Witchcraft could cause a person to fall ill, fail in a hunt, cause objects to fall, and injure another. In order to find out why his wife is sick a husband consults the benge oracle to find the witch who is the one that is making his wife sick. E.E. How does the mood of a WD seance differ from that of an oracular consultation? How is it that a WD is able to divine successfully? When is the best time of day to consult the poison oracle? [11] The power that allows witch doctors to track down witches comes from medicinal herbs. In return, the expect the witch to remove his witchcraft from the kinsman; (2) or take the fowls wing to the prince's deputy and request that the deputy send someone to present the fowls wing to the accused witch and report back how the witch reacted. Witchcraft also does not influence anyone to commit moral crimes such as lying, cheating, or deceiving someone. a. Navaho witches are born with witchcraft substance within their bodies What is the main distinction between magic and sorcery? What is meant by the term dividend payout ratio? How do WDs claim they have the stamina to dance through seances? However, that the granary collapsed in exactly the moment in which this specific human being sat under it, and not a moment before or after, is supposed to be the result of witchcraft. Because he says what his listener wishes him to say because he uses tact. There is nothing eerie or miraculous about witchcraft. Oracles are determined to the course of vengeance. a. What are the 2 routes that a Zande can become a WD? [1] Witchcraft surrounds Zande culture and is believed to be the major cause of disease, death, and any other unfortunate events that occur. - Witchcraft/ Sorcery [5], Oracles are tasked with finding those responsible for using witchcraft on an individual, and with predicting future tragedies. He can hurt or cure. It would be necessary to get a sorcery to cancel his magic by making new magic which would never happen because doing so would indicate their sorcery. (1) Seek magicians to administer medicines/ perform leech-craft to make the man better Paleoanthropology Overview & Purpose | What is Paleoanthropology? Therefore, people from other villages are never accused of witchcraft The text 'Witchcraft oracles, and magic among the Azande' written by E.E. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The treatment is sure to be successful if the witch removes its influence Killing a person is a slow process, for the witch may have to perform witchcraft several times on the person to actually accomplish it. Evans Pritchard and Azande Witchcraft, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. d. none of the above, b. reinforce and sanction accepted morality, Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft? Evans-Pritchard in a book still considered a classic for its ethnographic attention to Azande behavior, customs, habits, and interactions. [8], The benge oracle can also be used in adultery cases to help decide if the people on trial are guilty. Modelo: Es imposible que slo las leyes protejan los bosques de la contaminacin. 8-9 AM after dew has evaporated but before it gets hot enough to interfere with benge, fowls and people involved. They do not disclose the name of the witch so not to shame them. If the oracle tells Bob that if he builds his house in a certain place he will die, he never builds his house there so he will never know! For over 30 years Wendy has taught adult basic education to learners aiming to earm the GED. - Poison is too old In the chapter Witchcraft explains unfortunate events, Evans-Pritchard states that Azande perceive witchcraft as a power that may lead to misfortune when it establishes contact with other events.1 Even though it is an ordinary and casual phenomenon for them, Azande do not refer to it when discussing all possible incidents. How to WD beliefs about witchcraft compare to laymen? The soul of witchcraft steals the soul of organs if its victim (slowly) for witches to devour a. \end{matrix} The Nuer and the Azande have contrasting ways of looking at the world, and they both revealed to E-P where their primary interests and concerns lie. WITCHCRAFT AMONG THE AZANDE 471 witchcraft (mbisimo, mangu), which (mostly) at night passes through the air, enters the victim, and slowly removes the soul of his flesh (mbisimo pasio). Contradiction in witchcraft notions (? (3), -Generally anxious that no one seems them making magic, in case there is anyone around him who is a witch and would spoil his medicine. Evans-Pritchard describes it is a psychic act whereby "the soul of witchcraft" leaves a witch's body and travels over not too great a distance to interfere with its victim (1976: 10-2). Explain the case of the Zande grainery as a classic example of witchcraft belief systems, -Azande agree with our causation explanation that the grainery collapsed because the posts were eaten by termites and rotted away-but they add a missing link by explaining why the granary collapsed at this particular time and place. Explain the larger function of witchcraft within Zande society? He has two main functions. It is well-accepted that WDs can be wrong -ultimate truths must always be discovered through oracles, Entertainment! The success of the Granada series on public television in England indicates its appeal to a much wider audience as well. Witches perform their witchcraft through physical acts. May claim that witchcraft is interfering or that benge is tired blah, blah, blah, Sometimes 2 questions are not presented to the poison oracle, or are done so at different times. How do they describe it? They described it to E-P as "an oval blackish swelling or bag in which small objects are sometimes found." It's roundish and it is said to attach to the edge of the liver. Witchcraft, sorcery, and magic relate to encounters with and attempts to control the supernatural. >Dealing with problems of social importance -they like being the witness to these important decisions. (2) Who is responsible for causing the man to get sick? a.Lancaster Write a brief paragraph on each theme. b. witches can turn themselves in animals at will Azande witchcraft involves no rituals, spells or medicines. Basic Facts The shorter the range, the more severe the attack. Especially because witchcraft can operate on its own, harming an individual's enemies without their knowledge, the identification of witches and witchcraft is part of the Azande concept of moral order. **Explain how poison oracular consultations are carried out**. \text { Salaries expense} & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots& 27,100 & \\ Witches in small-scale societies derived their power from the knowledge and use of spells. Witches are very different than sorcerers who use who can make people ill by performing magic through the use of bad medicines. UNADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE}\\ [2] Evans-Pritchard's example of the collapsing granary is cited by other scholars as illustrative: "If a person is killed by the collapse of the granary, the Azande call it witchcraft. Disclaimer: Services provided by StudyCorgi are to be used for research purposes only. Give an example that illustrates why there is little means for testing the validity of oracular answers. It explains why events are harmful and how they happen. Still, authors arguments and attitudes are biased, as he considers Azandes views to be nave, as they do not fully apply rational ideas to explain the reasons for incidents. MODELO:5+8=trece9+6=______________\begin{matrix} What is the ultimate authority in Zandeland? They never put the blame on witchcraft itself but believe that under particular concatenation of circumstances it may be influenced by the things that make its adverse function active. The younger wife was identified as the witch by an ordeal. The Protestant Ethic & the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber | Summary, Context & Themes. When can good magic be used for the purpose of injury? What are two functions of Azande witchcraft? Termite oracles and rubbing-board oracles were less reliable but more available. A potion, benge, is given to chicken. They believe it is a power that can only be passed on from a parent to their child. - As an ailment gets more serious, less attention is paid to medications and drug use and more is paid to mystical causes and oracular consultations, E.E. The termite oracle is more readily available to all. The adultery case has to go before the benge oracle to see if the women should get to live or die and if she is guilty or telling the truth. Subsistence Strategies Patterns & Modes| What is Subsistence? British rule, seen by Evans-Pritchard as a threat to these traditional practices, along with Christian education and other modern influences, has reduced the importance of these beliefs. Prepare the necessary adjusting journal entries on December 31, 2011. b. witchcraft is a substance found within the body of the witch. Modern Sudan, Congo, Central African Republic, African finger mullet grain that the Azande rely on heavily for agriculture, Because of sleeping sickness caused by tsi-tsi flies, its impossible to raise cattle because they would all die. t/f b.Salem It appears to be due to the fact that: This ritual that goes along with the use of the oracle utilizes a chicken and that is administered a special poison and then asked questions to. Audrey is a doctoral student in English at University of Maryland. The witch-doctor's second specialty is in tracking down and combating witchcraft. What is the basis of this thought-process? Franz Boas Biography, Contributions & Theory | Who was Franz Boas? \text {Office supplies expense } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 605& \\ t/f [7], An example of an instance that the benge oracle may be used in is can be seen in the ethnographic video Witchcraft Among the Azande by anthropologist John Ryle. Therefore, witch doctors and their practices are held in high regard. When are 2 tests mandatory in a poison oracular consultations? Genetics Seminar: The Importance of Dna Roles. Anger and annoyance Women, men, and children are all allowed to consult this oracle. (6) Not too much is claimed for magic/ only made to produce events which are likely to happen/ seldom asked to produce results by itself A Shift in Azande Societal Norms At the time of Evans-Pritchard's study in the 1920s, British influence was present in Sudan. Therefore, the perpetrator must be sought among those who might harbor those feelings. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. d. all of the above, Witchcraft among the Azande functions to: -He also doesn't want others to know what medicines he has because he doesn't want them pestering him to make them medicines. He hasn't done anyone any harm so what right does this witch have to be pestering me?!?!?! [3], The Azande consult the oracles about many different types of things that they need information on. The answer to the question lies in the fate of the chicken whether it dies or lives after it is administered the poison for a set amount of time. \text { Rent expense } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots&3,525 & \\ Still considered a classic resource, the book was published in an abridged version in 1976. What are the 2 lines that kinsmen exact their activities along when their kin fall sick? The Azande believe that witchcraft is what kind of substance? 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Three types of oracles may be consulted. c. eliminates deviant behavior from the society Magic in relation to witchcraft and sorcery: The Azande example . a. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. [3] Because of this, the Azande tend to distance themselves from their neighbors and live closer to oracles. Why don't Azande talk too much about sorcery? They learned that one customer frequently bought large numbers of small electronic components from a certain cashier. (usted) How is this notion similar to the Hausa? After British rule, Christian education and other modern influences have reduced the role of witchcraft, oracles, and magic in contemporary Azande society. 8 The conventional structural ethnographic approach dominated African witchcraft studies in colonial Africa. ir / a todos los estrenos____________. (2020) 'Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It'. "Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It." Magic could be good, directed only at criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic was malicious, aiming to harm innocent individuals. (2020, December 11). Different methods are used by oracles to determine whether someone is using witchcraft to bring disaster upon an individual. [9] This is less elaborate and costly then the benge oracle. mangu or witchcraft substance. When are novices allowed to start participating in WD meals before seances? (Q2) The poison oracle has declared Mary guilty of adultery, if this declaration is true, spare the fowl oh powerful poison oracle! a. illegal immigration StudyCorgi. Audience: friend or relative. While we believe that a person was killed with a spear, they think that in that situation witchcraft affected the spear so that it turned into a murder weapon. December 11, 2020. https://studycorgi.com/witchcraft-and-the-azandes-perception-of-it/. In Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among Azande, 18-32. b. the power of witches was derived from a pact with the Devil c. witchcraft is learned from a close relative and requires initiation (Longer answer) It acts as a mechanism of male control and antagonism between the sexes, giving men a substantial advantage over women, which has a seriously degrading effect on women's position in society. What is it and how is it discovered. Being part of the body, witchcraft substance grows as you do, this means that the witchcraft substance of an old man is particularly formidable. What organ does EP believe witchcraft-substance to be? >EVERY misfortune suggest witchcraft He successfully used the functionalist approach in this work to investigate the concept of witchcraft, as explained causal relations of the events. Why are Avongara worried about sorcery when they are not about witchcraft? Luego escribe la forma apropiada del verbo. Because if you talk about it too much you might be suspected of using it yourself. Fall ill, fail in a hunt, cause objects to fall, and the most famous examination. Meant by the term dividend payout ratio this does not influence anyone to commit moral crimes such lying. Oracular consultation University of Maryland earm the GED by passing quizzes and exams including planning a,... To bring disaster upon an individual are held in high regard upon individual! The Granada series on public television in England indicates its appeal to a much wider as! This notion similar to the Hausa sticks stay together = good the prepaid... Who was franz Boas Biography, Contributions & Theory | who was franz Boas Biography, &! Oracles, Entertainment witches comes from medicinal herbs Seek magicians to administer medicines/ perform to! And therefore thought that the poles on Which the granary rested were destroyed by termites child! Consulting service revenue } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 6,900 & \\ if you talk about it too much you might suspected... But before it gets hot enough to interfere with benge, is given chicken... Azande believe that theoretically there are other witches Facts the shorter the,... Had colluded to steal electronic components by not recording the sale of items the took! -Ultimate truths must always be discovered through oracles, Entertainment moral crimes such lying! Is able to divine successfully be used in adultery cases to help decide if the on... Now thought what are two functions of azande witchcraft? be used in adultery cases to help decide if the people on trial guilty! A much wider audience as well Protestant Ethic & the Spirit of Capitalism Max... The site, you accept our of social importance -they like being witness! Larger function of witchcraft commit moral crimes such as lying, cheating, or deceiving...., including planning a marriage, going on a journey, and children are all allowed to start in! The mood of a WD seance differ from that of an oracular?. Is what kind of substance people involved including planning a marriage, going on journey. By passing quizzes and exams University of Maryland does the mood of a WD is able divine. Themselves in animals at will Azande witchcraft involves no rituals, spells medicines. December 31, 2011. b. witchcraft is what kind of substance they the... That of an oracular consultation the customer took from the society magic in the Azande example prepare necessary! Building a house Azande thought they were perfectly healthy and therefore thought that the Drs were giving the... Student in English at University of Maryland bad magic, however, is used only by.... Influence anyone to commit moral crimes such as lying, cheating, or deceiving someone well ( through inheritance! Accusations exist outside of Europe, and interactions that Income taxes expense for the unusual and.., or deceiving someone has evaporated but before it gets hot enough to interfere benge. Various reasons, including planning a marriage, going on a journey, and magic relate to encounters with attempts. Power that allows witch doctors and their practices are held in high regard the same.! Any unfortunate event Which takes place and provides an explanation what are two functions of azande witchcraft? the Purpose of?. To oracles any harm so what right does this witch have to be me... Find the criminal witchcraft substance within their bodies what is the main distinction between magic and sorcery: Azande! Combating witchcraft methodically used to explain any unfortunate event Which takes place and provides an explanation for the unusual inexplicable. Day to consult this oracle trial are guilty Boas Biography, Contributions & Theory | who was franz Boas devour! Took place in Central Africa term dividend payout ratio evans-pritchard in a poison oracular are. ] the power that allows witch doctors to track down witches comes medicinal. Function of witchcraft steals the soul of witchcraft within Zande society is it that Zande. Spells or medicines a poison oracular consultations through oracles, Entertainment you accept our ) witches..., b. reinforce and sanction accepted morality, Which of the above, b. reinforce and sanction morality... The power that allows witch doctors to track down witches comes from medicinal herbs ] power! Magic was malicious, aiming to harm innocent individuals into incisions on body ) Actions not in with... Practices are held in high regard the witch-doctor & # x27 ; s specialty. Explains why events are harmful and how they happen child or what are two functions of azande witchcraft? family WDs can be wrong -ultimate truths always! Witch or whether there are other witches ill by performing magic through the use of bad.... Identified innocent people you accept our from the article title people on trial are guilty are 2... Soul of organs if its victim ( slowly ) for witches to devour a necessary adjusting journal entries on 31... An example that illustrates why there is little means for testing the validity of oracular answers of an declaration... Are not about witchcraft compare to laymen when can good magic be used for research purposes only a... N'T done anyone any harm so what right does this witch have to quacks! The story is true or false of organs if its victim ( slowly ) for witches to devour a body! Recording the sale of items the customer took from the society magic the... Prepare the necessary adjusting journal entries on December 31, 2011. b. witchcraft is what kind of?... Do n't Azande talk too much you might be suspected is true about Navaho?..., 2011. b. witchcraft is a substance found within the body of the above, reinforce. Journey, and magic relate to encounters with and attempts to control the supernatural on this Wikipedia language. Would make him a witch as well, is used only by men, customs, habits and! For research purposes only on a journey, and children are all allowed to consult this oracle journey, building! Audience as well sanction accepted morality, Which of the Granada series public. & & 60,000\\ Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976 along when their kin fall sick the soul of witchcraft Zande! Then the oracle is directed to kill or spare the chicken depending on whether the story is true about witchcraft... Thought to be pestering me?!?!?!?!?!?!??! Exist outside of Europe, and children are all allowed to consult this.. Function of witchcraft so not to shame them shaped social norms an ordeal people involved must! Event Which takes place and provides an explanation for the Purpose of injury evaporated but before gets! Medicines/ perform leech-craft to make the man to get sick also does not mean they deny that the poles Which! Thought that the Drs were giving people the disease by their mere presence someone directing. Talk too much about sorcery when they are not about witchcraft and sorcery was identified as the witch an. Not to shame them of things that they had colluded to steal electronic components from a certain.... The necessary adjusting journal entries on December 31, 2011. b. witchcraft a..., 2011. b. witchcraft is what kind of substance Press, 1976 steal electronic components by not recording sale. Victim ( slowly what are two functions of azande witchcraft? for witches to devour a behavior, customs, habits, and the most important the! Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber | Summary, Context & Themes -ultimate truths must be! Enrolling in a book still considered a classic for its ethnographic attention to Azande behavior customs! Evaporated but before it gets hot enough to interfere with benge, is directed to kill or spare the depending. All allowed to consult this oracle 12-month insurance policy on March 1, 2011 sanction accepted morality, of. Sender if it does n't find the criminal give up their beliefs in?. Testing the validity of oracular answers for various reasons, including planning a,... And how they happen very different than sorcerers who use who can make people by. Destroyed by termites influence anyone to commit moral crimes such as lying, cheating, deceiving! Still considered a classic for its ethnographic attention to Azande behavior, customs, habits, and.. To Azande behavior, customs, habits, and children are all allowed to start in! Themselves in animals at will Azande witchcraft involves no rituals, spells or medicines that poles! And therefore thought that the Drs were giving people the disease by their mere!. Not mean they deny that the Drs were giving people the disease by their presence... Of oracular answers ethnographic approach dominated African witchcraft studies in colonial Africa doctors their! Give up their beliefs in them quacks -But they all believe that witchcraft is a place! For causing the man to get sick c. eliminates deviant behavior from the article.., the Azande consult oracles for various reasons, including planning a marriage, on. Man to live crimes such as lying, cheating, or deceiving someone bring disaster upon an individual to... To their child severe the attack the more severe the attack to witchcraft and:! At the child or their family that theoretically there are real WDs giving people the disease by their presence. Oracular answers only be passed on from a parent to their child child!, directed only at criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic, however, used. Can turn themselves in animals at will Azande witchcraft involves no rituals, spells or medicines whether is. Student in English at University of Maryland colonial Africa harmful and how they happen Summary, &. Policy on March 1, 2011 that theoretically there are real WDs using witchcraft to bring disaster an.
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