to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope

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to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope

\text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. Significantly, Gabriel forbade the conspirators to kill Methodists and Quakers, groups that were actively seeking manumission for slaves in the area at this time. \quad\text{Dividends on Common Shares}&& (2,080,000)\\ Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. Kentucky Congressional representative Henry Clay argued for colonization because of the unconquerable prejudice against blacks in the United States. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. (People to know). Why? Consider the following sample data. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. Teachers tend to be so . Debtors were punished by imprisonment. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. Required \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. These institutions differed in many aspects, but shared with communitarians and religious believers in "perfectionism.". Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. Consolidated Statement of Income and Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ Learn about temperance and abolition and . Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. In many cases, within the Garrisonian movement in particular, the role of the black speaker or the black writer or the black abolitionist was, in some ways, prescribed, as the famous case of Frederick Douglass' relationship with the Garrisionians. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. d. 12.0012.0012.00 Some, like Garrison, favored fiery calls and no moderation; at a rally in 1854, Garrison asserted that there could be no union with slaveholders and called the U.S. Constitution as the document that perpetuated slavery a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was a sin. \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. \text{Income Taxes Payable}& 430,000 &300,000\\ Leadership and authority within the church was the exclusive domain of white men. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. Male2302090Female2182448, b. Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. Many prominent African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass were members of the Society. Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. The Anti-Slavery Society was home to white and black abolitionists. Merchants with commercial ties to the South. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. \end{array} Gender The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. Faster, MaleFemale23021820249048\begin{array}{rr}\text { Male } & \text { Female } \\ 230 & 218 \\ 20 & 24 \\ 90 & 48\end{array} \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ In numerous ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\

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