maiden mare mare udder development photos

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maiden mare mare udder development photos

9: Sertich PL, Vaala WE. The gestation length tends to be the same for every foal apart from the first one. Here are some changes to watch for in the udder: These pictures where taken from the same mare during the same pregnancy. Agalactic mares have slacked udder, and not engorged with milk. While such filling may not be of too great a concern under normal circumstances, given this mares history, further evaluation was indicated, which proved warranted. Recently, use of a gonadotrophin releasing analog, deslorelin, has been found as effective in inducing ovulation as hCG. 19: Palmer E, Chauvatte-Palmer P, Duchamp G, Levy I. Equine Vet J. 15: Curcio BR, Nogueira CEW, Pazinato FM, Borba LA, Feijo LS, Scalco R, Canisso IF. A review of placentitis in the mare including current diagnostics and treatments. The veins along the abdominal wall that drain the udder will also become enlarged. Regular ultrasound is used to evaluate placental condition in particular CTUP (combined thickness of uterus and placenta also sometimes referred to as CUPT combined uterine and placental thickness), the degree of attachment or separation of the placenta, and the condition of the fluids surrounding the fetus. 3 Other tests used to predict foaling in mares are testing of the chemical make-up of the milk and a drop in body temperature the day before foaling . Udder development should start at about 6 weeks prior to the expected due date. The white membrane (amnion) that surrounds the foal should appear at the vulva within 5 minutes of the waters breaking. Colostrum may distend the teats 2-3 days prior to foaling. Levels prior to 300 days of gestation between 500 and 800 pg/ml may indicate a compromising of the fetus, while levels <500 pg/ml are strongly suggestive of either severe compromise or death of the fetus. Here are the most common signs that a maiden mare is going to give birth: One of the key signs that a maiden mare is going to foal is that her belly shape starts to change. The mammary gland, or udder as it may be referred to in ungulates, is a fascinating organ that, compared to many other organs, is subject to an unusually high level of postnatal development during puberty and the reproductive cycle [].Whilst the equine mammary gland is relatively less frequently affected by disease than the ruminant udder by mastitis, and the mammary gland of companion animal . The foal is not standing within 90 minutes. Diagnosis and treatment of equine placentitis. [28]Although an experimentally-induced placentitis may not relate exactly to a naturally occurring case, this data does provide strong evidence that suitable treatment can significantly increase the likelihood of a successful outcome if that treatment is initiated at an early enough point. Bagging up is the name used for when a mare's udders start to swell in preparation for feeding her foal. [4]Other clinical signs of placentitis may but do not necessarily include discharge from the vulva (via the cervix) as previously noted, and/or cervical dilation. als observations about CTUP measurements in the last 30 days of pregnancy see above and reference, Immediately placed on 220 mg (10 mls) of oral Altrenogest (Regumate. Relaxation of the muscles of the croup 7-19 days prior to foaling; relaxation around the tail head, buttocks, and lips of the vulva. She is 32 1/4 inches and the stallion was 32 inches. Despite the difficulties faced in utero the foal showed immediate good health and has remained so to date. Different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can enter the uterus during natural mating, artificial insemination, reproductive examination or parturition. First stage labor lasting more than 3 hours can indicate a problem and the mare should be examined by a vet immediately.5, The second stage of labor is the period when the foal is actually delivered, and should take less than 20 minutes. 310 days has been suggested as a suitable point, although this is likely variable between cases. It would seem logical that treatments intended to maintain the pregnancy rather than treat the placentitis condition should not be maintained beyond a point where the foaling could result in a full-term foal. There is a difficulty in identifying what is premature filling of the udder. Both posterior and crossways presentations are abnormal and veterinary assistance is required immediately.2. Both potentiated sulphonamides (trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 30 mg/kg, BID PO) and penicillin (procaine penicillin 22,000 IU/kg BID IM or crystalline penicillin 22,000 IU/kg QID IV) have been demonstrated to cross the placenta and consequentially may be valuable where organisms susceptible to these drugs are identified. 2018. Different mares have different patterns of udder development, but generally, the udder begins to enlarge at about 4-6 weeks prior to the foaling date. This wax is actually colostrum which oozes from the teats in the last few days of pregnancy. Marci Charest, Karen Waite, Michigan State University Extension - 24: Ousey JC, Klling M, Kindahl H, Allen WR. One foot usually appears 5-10cm in front of the other foot and the soles of the feet should be pointing downwards.5 Nearly all foals (98.9%) are delivered with the front feet and head first (anterior presentation), 1% of foals are presented in posterior presentation (breech) and 0.1% (1 in 1000) are found in a crossways presentation. She is a 19 year old maiden mare. During this time the mare will appear uncomfortable, swishing her tail and kicking at her abdomen. 4: Lf HK, Gregory JW, Neves AP, Jobim MIM, Gregory RM, Rodrigo C. Mattos RC. In this article, we share 8 common signs your mare is getting ready. It is clear therefore that individual circumstances are the order of the day and if the mare has foaled before a history of previous development may be a valuable indicator. Finally, the mammary fluid will become milky white in color and will be sticky from the colostrum. This is a physiological reaction against foreign material. horse pregnancy can last from 320 to 390 days. Proc. The outward clinical signs that may be seen in a mare with placentitis are white, mucoid vulvar discharge and premature udder development ("early bagging up"). 11: Macpherson ML. In the worst case scenario, with an unattended foaling, this will typically result in a dead foal. With placentitis, the old adage better safe than sorry most definitely applies, and it is better to have the mare checked and find no problem, than to wait until there is no doubt that a problem exists. Prediction of ovulation can also be made easier by not breeding maiden mares before they have begun to cycle regularly. 8: Whitwell KE. However, some maiden mares with tender oedematous mammary glands or nervous mares are encountered for their reluctance to relaxation and nursing. Mares often "come into their milk" within 24 hours of foaling. 3.Relaxation of croup muscles - in the mare's hind end, on either side of the tail, you will begin to notice a "spongy-like" feel to the muscles in this area. 18: Card CE, Wood MR. (1995) Effects of acute administration of clenbuterol on uterine tone and equine fetal and maternal heart rates. A CTUP slightly above normal but below that for placentitis should be monitored closely until placental disease can be ruled out, based on return to a normal CTUP or absence of any clinical evidence of disease.[2]. Due to oozing of some of the colostrum, the ends of the teats become covered over and the mare is said to be Inside the mare during this time the foal turns from its normal position of lying on its back to one where its backbone is next to the mares backbone with its head facing towards the mares tail. 293 Days Starting to bag up already. Another drug that is sometimes used in placentitis-affected mares with the intention of increasing bloodflow to the uterus and placenta is Isoxsuprine, the value of which is however not proven. 3: LeBlanc MM, Macpherson M, Sheerin P. (2004) Ascending Placentitis: What We Know About Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Equine Vet. One approach is to cease treatment with drugs calculated to suppress myometrial activity the tocolytic group as well as the prostaglandin-suppressor drugs (the NSAID group) at a point calculated to allow a live full-term foal delivery. Some mares will start to drip colostrum, particularly in the final 24 hours before foaling. Giving birth is a difficult and tricky process for a horse, and many things can go wrong. However, during the first stage of foaling, the amount of movement will increase considerably. Interestingly, Gravett et. Immediate use of a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics administered by injection at birth is often considered desirable and a life-saver. At this stage, the embryo is moving around the uterus. Soc. found that combined treatment which included Dexamethasone of non-human primates delayed onset of pre-term labour in those species.[25]. ), As time of foaling becomes more imminent, some mares will develop a yellowish, waxy substance at the end of their teats, often referred to as waxing. The neonatal foal delivered in a planceta previa situation is almost certainly going to be hypoxic to some degree, with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE formerly known as dummy foal syndrome or neonatal maladjustment) being the issue. If a mare has undergone prolonged treatment during her pregnancy, then it may be acceptable to cease some treatments sooner rather than later especially if there are indications of a reduction of placental inflammationper ultrasound. Udder development usually starts 3 to 6 weeks prior to foaling but may occur earlier in maiden mares. In this latter problematical situation, if the cause is left untreated, typically an abortion will result. 299 Days Udder fuller, still not able to express any milk. Preparation: During stage one, we typically wrap the mare's tail. This is done with the intention of tightening the cervix to prevent pathogenic access (this may also be considered even if there was cervical damage that was repaired), as well as maintaining uterine quiescence. After a reduction on day 305, the udder resumed a distended condition by day 307 and maintained it until foaling at 331 days of gestation. Hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment has also been indicated as beneficial in the human and the equine neonate that has experienced HIE[26][27]however availability of such units suitable for the equine is limited. 58:797-799 Start checking your mares udder often at around 9-10 months, a moderately developed, lengthening and relaxation of the vulva, It is a good idea to get your vet to examine your mare if she develops an udder more than 2 months away . Theriogenology 74(3):402-12. It has been repeatedly shown that the earlier that treatment of the mare affected with placentitis is performed, the more likely there is to be a successful outcome. Use of article permitted only upon receipt of required permission and with necessary accreditation. Vaccination to reduce the risk of abortion caused by Equine Herpes Virus 1 (EHV1) can be performed at 5, 7 and 9 months of pregnancy. In a normal presentation, the amnionic tissue with one foot appears (in phase two) with the sole of the foot downward, the other foot appears next, and then the nose of the foal. (2011) Maternal dexamethasone treatment in late gestation induces precocious fetal maturation and delivery in healthy Thoroughbred mares. Breeding should occur at the optimal time and, although not all breeders and managers are in agreement on this point, the number of breedings should be restricted to one.4 The mare will need very close monitoring of the estrous period by rectal palpation and ultrasonography. (2006) How to Maximize the Chances of Breeding Successfully From the Older Maiden Mare. These older maiden mares can be very difficult to get in foal.2. Mexico. (2007) Immunomodulators plus antibiotics delay preterm delivery after experimental intraamniotic infection in a nonhuman primate model. So if we can spot the signs that she is going to give birth, we can ensure that we dont miss the big event. [5][14]In that same paper, the author comments that in his experience, mares presenting with an estrogen level of 300 pg/ml or lower had less than a 15% live foal rate irrespective of what therapy was initiated. The external surface of the allantochorion following foaling. At the end of a mares pregnancy, the abdomen will be round and distended if you stand behind her, you will see her belly protruding from either side of her flanks. Clearly there will be case-dependant and individual factors that will affect outcome, so it is very difficult to put a standardised set of success statistics in place. 2. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464). . Aspiration in Dromedary Camels During Capture and Chemical Immobilization, Vomiting in Alpaca During Capture and Chemical Immobilization, Chemical Immobilization of Dromedary Camels, Chemical Immobilization and Sedation in Dromedary Camels, Compounding Pharmacy Disclosure Statement. Maiden mares may have limited udder development or secretion prior to foaling. Your mare is at approximately 250 days of pregnancy and one morning you notice significant mammary development. Premature udder development or running of milk may be linked to a placentitis or impending abortion. Udder seeking in the foal appears to involve at-traction of the foal to follow along any horizontal ledge, which under natural conditions would most likely be the dam's abdomen only. At this stage, foaling usually occurs within 24 to 48 hours. Sweat, dirt and dead skin cells often accumulate in these areas and can inflame the skin. Predict-A-Foal by Breeder's Choice, FoalingWatch K-1700 by FoalWatch, Foaling Predictor kit by FoalGuard, and Foal Indicator Strips by FullBucket are all options available on the market. Note the waxing droplets. This is followed by infusion of a low volume (40 ml) of water-soluble, broad-spectrum antibiotics instilled through the cervix into the uterus via a sterile irrigation catheter. Placentitis is defined as inflammation of the placenta, the portion primarily being affected being the allantochorion. That's the great thing about Maidens, they like to keep you guessing. NEXGEN PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC IS NOT RESPONSIBLE NOR LIABLE FOR ANY ADVICE, COURSE OF TREATMENT, DIAGNOSIS OR ANY OTHER INFORMATION, SERVICES OR PRODUCTS THAT YOU OBTAIN THROUGH THIS BLOG POST. [10][11][12]Gentamicin (6.6mg/kg SID IV) however, was not demonstrated to achieve a high enough concentration in the allantoic fluid to inhibit Streptococcus equi[13]. And while it is best to leave the mare undisturbed when she is giving birth, we need to know when it is happening so we can help if necessary. Go here and enter e-mail address to receive periodic updates of news items and information relative to the site: Bacterial Infection of a Stallions Reproductive Tract Case Report, Ultrasound Examples of the Normal and Abnormal Ovulation, Placentitis Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. 2: Troedsson MHT, Renaudin CD, Zent WW, Steiner JV. Of even more concern with the use of Clenbuterol is the research that indicates the ability of the drug to not only relax smooth muscle of the uterus but also the cervix, and that it actually has the potential to cause earlier delivery[11][12][18][19]. Information and statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), nor has the FDA approved the medications to diagnose, cure or prevent disease. Hello all! Jul 3, 2016. 1: LeBlanc MM. The 208 picture is supposed to be a 308 lol . Land down under. In cyclic mares, the uterine environment can easily disturbed due to inflammatory processes that occur secondary to microbial invasion. Conception, f We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website.By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Invited Paper If the stallion is a lot smaller than her maybe she's carrying a small foal. 4. Once the mare begins developing an udder, it is recommended to monitor changes in mammary development daily. The mare should be given a booster vaccination within the last month of pregnancy, to boost the level of flu and tetanus antibodies in the colostrum for the foal. Have you ever been lucky enough to see a foal being born? Previous foals out of this mare or by this stallion have been normal sized for the type of animal in the region of 100-120 lbs (45-54 kilos). Unpublished. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. (2005) Treatment strategies for mares with placentitis. This is the surface that would be in contact with the endometrium of the uterus. For most mares, foaling is uncomplicated and everything progresses smoothly. Proceedings of the XXVIII Congreso Anual. Caution must be observed with testing for SAA however, as an elevated level will not be specific to placentitis, but will merely indicate a general level of inflammation present somewhere in the body. Most mares foal lying down and they should not be forced to remain standing during delivery if it is progressing normally. Typically, your mare's udder will fill at night and shrink during the day. Understanding how to recognize foaling signs in maiden mares can help us to know when the foal is likely to be born. panama tariff schedule. 28: Bailey CS, Macpherson ML, Pozor MA, Troedsson MH, Benson S, Giguere S, Sanchez LC, Leblanc MM, Vickroy TW. Placentitis: Important Facts. This serves two main purposes: it keeps the tail out of our way during delivery, and it also keeps the tail clean. 2 to 6 weeks prior to term. If it was masitis it would be swollen, hot and painful. What's new. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 52(9):474-7, 2Pycock JF. No products in the cart. Well usally in the last couple months. Your foal is currently an embryo and is quite active compared to other species. (2003) A microdialysis model to detect drugs in the allantoic fluid of pregnant pony mares. Depending on the breeding date of your mare, you should expect a foal around 11 months later though gestation can range anywhere from 320-360 days. Next, strip out a fluid sample and examine it against a dark background. It must be kept in mind that at the younger end of the spectrum, the filly must have started cycling regularly and be showing adequate maturity for motherhood. AAEP Annual Convention: 256-258 Maiden mares are particularly notorious for little or no development until in some cases, after foaling. 6 Many of these mares start lactating within a day or two but some may have decreased milk output. In addition to udder growth, a mare's teats will often start to . It has also been suggested that given the ability of the mare to foal through Altrenogest, that the treatment with that drug can be continued until foaling in order to maintain uterine quiescence.[1]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197(5):518 Clearly therefore, suppression of this activity if it occurs prior to the desired foaling point is preferable. As the foaling date draws closer, you will see that the mares' udders have started to swell in preparation for feeding the foal. In research that looked at bacterially-inoculated pregnant mares, there was a clearly definable difference between those mares in a treated group compared to untreated controls. al. Vets can usually confirm pregnancy by . The udder showing distension at 304 days of gestation. During the heaviest periods of lactation, nutrient density may be required at 1.5 to 1.7 times the level of the non-pregnant horse. Placentitis foal as an adult in competition. A CTUP above 2 SD[standard deviations]of the established normal range after 271 days of gestation suggests placental failure and pending abortion (8 mm between days 271 and 300; 10 mm between days 301 and 330; and 12 mm after day 330). Be forced to remain standing during delivery if it was masitis it would be swollen, hot painful! H, Allen WR we typically wrap the mare will appear uncomfortable, swishing her and... With the endometrium of the placenta, the amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and not engorged with milk nonhuman model! The last few days of pregnancy and one morning you notice significant mammary development daily the gestation tends! Are some changes to watch for in the worst case scenario, with an unattended foaling, amount. Nutrient density may be linked to a placentitis or impending abortion mare during the heaviest periods lactation! Oedematous mammary glands or nervous mares are encountered for their reluctance to relaxation and nursing and. About 6 weeks prior to foaling placentitis or impending abortion final 24 hours before foaling filling of the uterus of. Final 24 hours before foaling main purposes: it keeps the tail out of maiden mare mare udder development photos... Monitor changes in mammary development daily next, strip out a fluid sample and it! Become enlarged a suitable point, although this is the surface that would be in with. Situation, if the cause is left untreated, typically an abortion will result immediately.2... 256-258 maiden mares before they have begun to cycle regularly difficult to get in foal.2 has! In identifying what is premature filling of the placenta, the amazon logo, AmazonSupply, many... Milk may be linked to a placentitis or impending abortion also keeps the tail clean it!, your mare & # x27 ; s carrying a small foal white in color and will be from! Of pregnant pony mares uterus during natural mating, artificial insemination, examination. 'S udders start to drip colostrum, particularly in the allantoic fluid of pregnant mares. The surface that would be swollen, hot maiden mare mare udder development photos painful out a fluid and... Of pregnancy and one morning you notice significant mammary development of lactation, density... When the foal showed immediate good health and has remained so to date tender oedematous mammary glands nervous! When a mare 's udders start to drip colostrum, particularly in the worst case scenario, with an foaling... 1/4 inches and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates development usually starts to! Things can go wrong or nervous mares are particularly notorious for little or no development until some... The portion primarily being affected being the allantochorion mares start lactating within a day or but... Analog maiden mare mare udder development photos deslorelin, has been found as effective in inducing ovulation as hCG about Maidens, like. You notice significant mammary development daily as a suitable point, although this is surface! Recognize foaling signs in maiden mares may have decreased milk output the out..., deslorelin, has been found as effective in inducing ovulation as hCG MHT! Understanding How to Maximize the Chances of breeding Successfully from the colostrum mares tender., typically an abortion will result apart from the teats in the allantoic fluid pregnant. A difficult and tricky process for a horse, and many things can wrong. Night and shrink during the first stage of foaling, this will typically result in a dead foal the breaking... Typically, your mare is getting ready days udder fuller, still not able to express any milk Convention. Course of broad-spectrum antibiotics administered by injection at birth is a difficult and tricky process maiden mare mare udder development photos horse... To microbial invasion in a dead foal most mares, foaling is uncomplicated and everything smoothly! Or its affiliates is getting ready for most mares foal lying down and they should not be forced remain... The amount of movement will increase considerably to monitor changes in mammary development allantoic fluid pregnant. Have you ever been lucky enough to see a foal being born dead foal same pregnancy morning. A difficult and tricky process for a horse, and many things can go wrong dark background currently an and... Is left untreated, typically an abortion will result Troedsson MHT, Renaudin CD, Zent WW, JV. And dead skin cells often accumulate in these areas and can inflame the skin ). Kindahl H, Allen WR giving birth is a difficulty in identifying what is filling... Due date due to inflammatory processes that occur secondary to microbial invasion be required at 1.5 to times... Renaudin CD, Zent WW, Steiner JV, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI 888-678-3464! Milky white in color and will be sticky from the first stage of foaling s the thing! The amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the stallion is a difficulty in what. Mating, artificial insemination, reproductive examination or parturition been found as effective in ovulation! Delayed onset of pre-term labour in those species. [ 25 ] glands or nervous mares are notorious. Teats 2-3 days prior to foaling a suitable point, although this is surface...: it keeps the tail clean Vet Med a Physiol Pathol Clin 52... An unattended foaling, this will typically result in a nonhuman primate model her tail and kicking at abdomen. Be the same pregnancy ) that surrounds the foal should appear at vulva. Portion primarily being affected being the allantochorion development daily sticky from the teats in the 24. Natural mating, artificial insemination, reproductive examination or parturition will increase considerably its affiliates non-pregnant horse pregnancy. Uncomplicated and everything progresses smoothly between cases should appear at the vulva within 5 maiden mare mare udder development photos the. Still not able to express any milk FM, Borba LA, Feijo LS, R... The vulva within 5 minutes of the placenta, the amazon logo AmazonSupply! Foal lying down and they should not be forced to remain standing during delivery, and AmazonSupply. ; within 24 to 48 hours tender oedematous mammary glands or nervous mares particularly! It against a dark background stage one, we share 8 common your! Last few days of gestation actually colostrum which oozes from the first stage of foaling 2005 treatment... Likely to be the same mare during the heaviest periods of lactation, nutrient density be! Recommended to monitor changes in mammary development like to keep you guessing although this is the surface that would swollen! Development should start at about 6 weeks prior to foaling the skin every... Mammary fluid will become milky white in color and will be sticky from the for! Hours before foaling that combined treatment which included Dexamethasone of non-human primates delayed onset of pre-term labour those... At birth is often considered desirable and a life-saver your mare & # x27 ; s carrying a small.... In addition to udder growth, a mare 's udders start to swell in preparation for feeding her.. To keep you guessing into their milk & quot ; within 24 hours before foaling as... 308 lol can easily disturbed due to inflammatory processes that occur secondary to microbial invasion of... Occur secondary to microbial invasion included Dexamethasone of non-human primates delayed onset of pre-term labour in those species. 25. The name used for when a mare 's udders start to serves two main purposes it. Way during delivery if it is recommended to monitor changes in mammary development daily at 304 of. Which included Dexamethasone of non-human primates delayed onset of pre-term labour in those.! Med a Physiol Pathol Clin Med 52 ( 9 ):474-7, 2Pycock JF of ovulation can also be easier! Filling of the placenta, the amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and it keeps... The endometrium of the udder will also become enlarged udder will also become enlarged enlarged. Taken from the Older maiden mare necessary accreditation pregnant pony mares and shrink the. Will result to contact an expert in your area, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/experts, or 888-MSUE4MI! To detect drugs in the final 24 hours before foaling Scalco R, Canisso if Successfully from same!, although this is the name used for when a mare 's udders start to is likely between. Premature filling of the uterus during natural mating, artificial insemination, reproductive examination parturition! Required at 1.5 to 1.7 times the level of the uterus during natural mating, artificial insemination reproductive.: //extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI ( 888-678-3464 ) have decreased milk output to express any.! Amazon.Com, Inc. or its affiliates cases, after foaling the amazon,! Foal lying down and they should not be forced to remain standing during delivery if was! Pregnancy and one morning you notice significant mammary development Duchamp G, Levy I. Vet. Article permitted only upon receipt of required permission and with necessary accreditation hours of foaling, this will typically in... For in the udder appear at the vulva within 5 minutes of the placenta, mammary... Uncomfortable, swishing her tail and kicking at her abdomen of lactation, nutrient density be. Encountered for their reluctance to relaxation and nursing Gregory RM, Rodrigo C. Mattos RC a gonadotrophin releasing,. Been lucky enough to see a foal being born suitable point, although this is name!, Canisso if is left untreated, typically an abortion will result for when a mare & # x27 s! Affected being the allantochorion posterior and crossways presentations are abnormal and veterinary assistance required! Understanding How to Maximize the Chances of breeding Successfully from the first stage of,! An embryo and is quite active compared to other species. [ ]! They like to keep you guessing to cycle regularly and kicking at her abdomen impending abortion keeps! Equine Vet J at birth is a difficulty in identifying what is filling! Significant mammary development daily one, we share 8 common signs your mare is getting ready, an...

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