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This is a case where incorporating a third person, a mediator, will help. 1. Tell the code author exactly what she has to do to get the change accepted. Learning/Knowledge transfer – help in transferring knowledge about the codebase, solution approaches, expectations regarding quality, etc. Interestingly, in our studies, we observed that developers really appreciate code change description. Code Review Best Practices It also promotes an ongoing dialog with the author. How much easier did the job of reviewing the code just get with this note? Book a Code Review Workshop With Me! 10 lines of code = 10 issues.500 lines of code = “looks fine.”Code reviews. Not everybody really cares or should care about your code review. Mohammad Ali Bozorgzadeh is a technical lead, passionate about coaching developers and improving technical maturity in organizations.His technical expertise focuses on BigData, agile methodologies and continuous delivery. Antony Marcano discusses using User Stories, tasks and features in disguise to release more value, sooner, with more flexibility and without dependencies. May 5, 2015. In several studies, we see that the value of the code review feedback decreases with the size of the change under review. Skipping code reviews is only advisable for trivial changes that do not change the logic such as commenting, formatting issues, renaming of local variable or stylistic fixes. Many of our challenges were related to the differences between objective and subjective feedback in our code reviews. Switching from one task to another is costly. 12 Do not add everybody on the notification list. • Disadvantages • Hard to ensure review quality and promptness. Instead, we should see this mediator as a teammate, who can help us reach a clearer image of the subject. Being asked to give feedback on a code review is an honor, so you want to make sure you know how to give valuable code review feedback. Pursuing good practices like the ones I’ve explored here for both technical (code) and cultural (communication) aspects can make your code reviews more effective and enjoyable. The counting game is a destructive approach, doomed to failure. a) Maintainability (Supportability) – The application should require the … But first, let’s start at the beginning. According to a SmartBear study of a Cisco Systems programming team, the developers should review no more than 200 to 400 lines of code (LOC) at a time citing that the brain can only effectively process so much information at a time. No one? Your email address will not be published. This wastes everyone’s time and it might make you look bad. The benefits of code reviews rise and fall with the value of the code review feedback. Provide a comment, or refuse a comment you have received only if you have a reasonable argument. Learn more. As a code author, show gratitude and value the received feedback. They also help the reviewer to focus on providing valuable feedback. By pursuing the greatest diligence, a review badge should make a developer proud of their achievement, and start reviewing with confidence. Statistical tests review that 200–400 LOC over 60 to 90 minutes should yield a 70–90% defect discovery. So let us look closely at the code review best practices for code reviewers. In my experience, it does less than 5 percent of what’s needed,  but it still really helps the reviewer by automating some parts of the process. Another code review best practice is to use a systematic approach for code reviews. For my e-mail subscribers, I prepared an exclusive code review e-book including a checklist with all code review best practices. Review fewer than 200-400 lines of code at a time. You read that right. Your goal as a reviewer should be to help with core issues, such as bugs, architectural problems, structural problems or problems that will lead to maintainability issues. Still, it has several advantages for you and the code author to review the code in a timely matter. ; both to the reviewers as well as to the author. So don’t make it even harder by complaining. One problem is that if you add too many developers, each one of them feels less responsible to give feedback. 1. Remove words that convey negative feelings. More open CLs mean the team will spend more time resolving conflicts, more overhead from context switches, and finally more delay to get them productive and profitable, and to get feedback from users. As one of the main pitfalls for code reviews is taking too long, you better follow the code review practices of automating what can be automated. Code review is often overlooked as an ongoing practice during the development phase, but countless studies show it's the most effective quality assurance strategy. Try to prepare yourself mentally and work on your ability to be open to suggestions and different viewpoints. Only comment author can resolve comment – if code was corrected or after discussion author decides to fix it. And if you do not help the reviewers to understand the code, they will not be able to provide valuable feedback. So, it’s only natural that a few CLs are merged into the master branch while your code is being reviewed. Then, the code is checked into the common code base. Preview changes in context with your code to see what is being proposed. Review Less Than 400 Lines Of Code 1. This code review best practice reduces turn-around times substantially. How you break your CL is very important. Before you perform that first pushof your shiny new branch, read through the entire diff. More the number of members, the more the time required for review and hence more the cost incurred. He is currently working at Sahab Pardaz, a company providing large scale and extra large scale BigData solutions in the middle east. There is nothing worse than asking several developers to look through the code and give feedback on issues you could have fixed yourself. Code Review is an integral process of software development that helps identify bugs and defects before the testing phase. Now you know all the code review best practices to make the most out of code reviews. Being ready to explain your argument empowers you. #codereview. Know What to Look for in a Code Review. In some settings, your team benefits from two (shorter) scheduled reviewing times, such as in the morning and before you leave the office. Code review rises and falls with the quality of the team's feedback culture. Sure. Be sure to look for a checklist that is tailored towards your technology stack. how to give valuable code review feedback, code reviews and not getting valuable feedback. As always, "arguments should win," not individuals. If the reviewer doesn’t prioritize the review task, their poor teammate may have to start a third and fourth CL. You need to Register an InfoQ account or Login or login to post comments. If now numbers above 4 people come to your mind, I’d like you to stop right there. A good read. Imagine an argument between reviewer and the coder. Sharingknowledge is part of improving the code health of a system over time. Just as the developers writing the code are human and can neglect secure coding practices, reviewers can forget to certain checks, if not working with a well-designed checklist. You should select the right number of reviewers for your code change. Why should I retreat?" Increase sense of mutual responsibility – increase a sense of collective code ownership and solidarity. Use tools to detect routine and simple issues. Receiving unexpected comments or feedback might make you tense and defensive. In the next blog post, I want to share with you which tradeoffs you have to keep in mind when doing code reviews. Set goals and standards. Switching from one task to another is costly. Facilitating the spread of knowledge and innovation in professional software development. It covers security, performance, and clean code practices. 13 Practices for Better Code Reviews, Nov 19, 2019 It encourages you to refer to textbooks, search your thesis online, ask other experts and senior colleagues. I prepared an exclusive Code Review e-Book for my e-mail subscribers to help you remember the code review best practices. The best time to fix issues is before the code is sent out for review. The reviewers are notified and give feedback on the code. It’salways fine to leave comments that help a developer learn something new. I had never done one before I started here so it was a new experience for me. Having two at a time, one waiting for review and one under development, is a reasonable decision. Get the 12 page insights to code reviews now. A round-up of last week’s content on InfoQ sent out every Tuesday. Developers that changed or reviewed pieces of the code before, give the most valuable code review feedback. For example, plan to work on code reviews every day from 11 to 12 AM. Some studies suggest the code review best practice of adding only two active reviewers. So, in a best-argument culture, "I only make a claim if I have an argument to back it up!" Subscribe to our Special Reports newsletter? Your team can create review processes that improve the quality of your code and fit neatly into your workflow. Because the code is presented in a different way and changed code passages are highlighted, it makes it easier for you to review your code yourself before sending it out. At a team level, that means more open CLs. Don’t hesitate to speak about the pros and cons of another alternative with your reviewer, if you think it’s better. Some practices like feature flags and branch by abstraction can help in such cases. The job is not considered "done," and doesn’t show any profit for the business. But, there are also many source-code analysis tools that can help take some of the burden off the reviewer. It is just so easy to hurt someone feelings – especially in written form. Another code review best practice is to cluster related code changed. There are many things to consider, and you should also consider all of them in review. Dynamically control the availability of application features to your users. The first code review best practice is to read carefully through the code change before submitting the code for review. If you have experience with something, try to describe that experience and why you think it’s applicable to the current context. At Google we use code review to maintain the quality of our code and products. Some reviews can be skipped. Get the most out of the InfoQ experience. Love this article! AWS Announces Cloudshell, a Browser-Based Shell to Interact with AWS Resources, The Benefits of Nostalgia: Q&A with Linda Rising. 1. Review fewer than 400 lines of code at a time. It helps code quality, knowledge sharing, and team culture. If some feedback made you uncomfortable try to sort things out as soon as possible. In fact, it’s not a question of whom! There are two other largedocuments that are a part of this guide: 1. Review everything. Statistical tests review that 200-400 LOC over 60 to 90 minutes should yield a 70-90% defect discovery. 2. It also includes a few general questions too. One thing I did not see in there is one of the benefits of keeping the change small is that in the unlikely event you need to revert it, it is easier to do so. Proven Code Review Best Practices from Microsoft. So, you should try to have a small-but-complete piece of work, that includes its tests, and even its deployment/migration scripts. Hey David, thanks for the feedback and for spotting my typo! We are all members of a team with a single purpose — benefitting our customers and ourselves. At least one of the humans must not be the code’s author. So it is better to have a small team of 2-3 members to have an effective code review. While you're working on your CL, other people are working on theirs. But, at other times it is highly advantageous to prioritize review. Join a community of over 250,000 senior developers. Rarely code changes are too small to be sent out. Make Code Reviews your Superpower The code review process … Oral conversations help you: You can’t be a good reviewer if you aren’t a good developer. So, run the tests first! If you disagree, or if you don’t know a comment’s purpose, talk about it or write about it. Commenting can be a hard situation on its own. 3. Thanks for adding that! I have been researching and working with teams at Microsoft for several years. I think it’s a good idea to crystalize some of the things I look for when I’m doing code reviews and talk about the best way I’ve found to approach them. Take your Time And Pla… Give better quality feedback to code reviews by not letting them pile up. Don’t mention the same problem many times. As an implementer, if you get a comment to rename a variable but think the suggested names are similar, with no clear difference: accept it. On the other hand, prioritizing review helps team culture. Yes, take the time to run the tests for your code change. Using a review tool doesn’t bind you to just written communication. Respect the comments you receive. If several changes with different purpose happen within one code review the task of code reviewing becomes more difficult. Obviously, if you see typos, badly named variables or styling issues, you might also point that out. Goals include acceptable coding standards in the company. Performing code reviews A code review is a synchronization point among different team members and thus has the potential to block progress. I help companies improve their software development processes, like code reviewing or software testing. How To Do A Code Review: A detailed guide for codereviewers. So every time you add a comment, explain your reasons unless it is obvious or it has been previously explained. Major API changes, migration to a new framework or infrastructure, architectural refactors, and features that should be released together are just some of the challenges we face. Just keepin mind that if your comment is purely educational, but not critical to meetingthe standards described in this document, prefix it with “Nit: “ or otherwiseindicate that it’s not mandatory for the author to resolv… Java Code Review Checklist by Mahesh Chopker is a example of a very detailed language-specific code review checklist. In such a culture, everyone is assessed based on their cooperation toward that common purpose. But stop before heading out and telling your team you need no code reviews anymore. Many code review tools allow notifying developers without making them mandatory reviewers. Hi Jay, yes, very good point! See our. You can give similar comments to other colleagues when it’s your turn to review. Secure code review process systematically applies a collection of security audit methodologies capable of ensuring that both environments and coding practices contribute to the development of an application resilient to operational and environmental threats. It’s great resource to share to junior to let them know the purpose of review. To begin with, let me give you some key information about Microsoft. But, you have to take a conscious decision on whom you gonna notify. Still, this is not your main tasks and, understandably, over discussing minor issues isn’t valuable to code authors. Code Review guide for code authors and reviewers from thoughtbot is a great example of internal guide from a company. The code review author works on the feedback until all parties are satisfied. Just sign-up. Nothing worse than investing time in code reviews and not getting valuable feedback. not having enough time to do code reviews. But, this is often not the end of the story. Giving feedback as soon as possible ensures that the code author is not blocked by waiting for feedback. Aim for a culture where  the best argument wins. A SmartBear study of a Cisco Systems programming team revealed that developers should review no more than 200 to 400 lines of code (LOC) at a time. Aim for an inspection rate less than 300-400 LOC/hour Which one are you going to prioritize? Please keep in mind that code review is a process that can take multipleiterations, and reviewers may spot things later that they may not have seen thefirst time. If you are the fifth person inspecting the code, chances are you are not going to add new insights anymore. But, no matter who you are, there is no room for NOPE — a response that indicates you aren’t going to accept a comment, and won’t discuss why. Allowed html: a,b,br,blockquote,i,li,pre,u,ul,p, A round-up of last week’s content on InfoQ sent out every Tuesday. But, be mindful about the workload of senior engineers, as they tend to be added as reviewers a lot. Maybe doing code review is not on your task list. When you add code review to incremental development, the benefits are even more significant. If code reviews are generally too large and take too long, you can suggest the code review best practices for small, incremental and coherent changes to the code review authors. The same holds true for contentious issues or sensitive matters. Instead of making one from scratch, download a ready-made list and customize it to fit your team’s practices and your needs. Being one of the first reviewers (especially if there are quite a few) also ensures your effort looking through the code actually adds value. Code reviewing isn't a puzzle. 🙂 You have a typo in “Nothing worth than…”, where I presume you meant to say “worse”. Agile teams are self-organizing, with skill sets that span across the team. Over the years, I’ve been on both the receiving and the giving end of code-review sessions. Naturally, code reviewers influence the culture a lot. Do not make a big team for reviewing one’s code. LaunchDarkly Feature Management Platform. If it’s a negative sentence, it’s not a surprise if they read it as a shout in their face or as it was written with total contempt. How can we encourage people to respect review feedback, if we don’t respect the review process itself. Both sides have discussed their points, but they can’t converge to the same solution. Tool-assisted code reviews 13 • Most common form of code review • Authors and reviewers use software tools designed for peer code review. 3. Build your own “intelligent” code review reminder, PR Rejections as a Metric for Code Review Quality, How to successfully blog as a developer in 2020, Stacked pull requests: make code reviews faster, easier, and more effective, Better code quality with effective collaboration and code review. Developer productivity: How to be a happier and more productive developer? Using this approach, both sides can be "mostly" satisfied with the conclusion which appears out of thinking together. Fact is, it is not. This wastes everyone’s time and it might make you look bad. Receive the Awesome Code Reviews newsletter every other Tuesday in your inbox. For instance, work slowing down, people avoiding peer code reviews, or in extreme cases, people leaving the company. Maybe the issue is assigned to someone else on the tracking system and you don’t see your name on it. However, if teams are not aware of and do not follow code review best practices, developers may experience several code review pitfalls. Either way, it's someone else's problem and you're not directly responsible for that CL.You might say, "I'll finish what I'm directly responsible for before reviewing the other CL. Please take a moment to review and update. So have dedicated code review times. This approach standardizes the source code, making it convenient for all developers (even new ones) to study and understand it easily. But, there are quite a few situations where a proper human interaction, either face to face or via voice/video cannot be bet. Everything you consider as a developer, is in your scope as a reviewer. On GitHub, lightweight code review tools are built into every pull request. One way to make sure you invest your time right during code review preparation is to write a description of what this code change is all about. When the size of a change list (CL) increases, the time spent waiting for reviewer's feedback also increases, and most of the time it grows superlinearly. If it ever happens, it’s best to address it head-on as soon as possible, before it leads to more serious problems. code reviews taking too long causing long waiting times. Whoever is more experienced? To use these methods, you may need to introduce toggle flags in the code, and create mock objects and extra interfaces. Prioritizing review is a rule, but not a rigid one. Not a subscriber yet? You won’t upset your colleagues over things you don’t have an argument for. Small, incremental code changes are also a crucial code review best practice as other developers must be able to understand your code change in a small amount of time. But, if you break the large CL into several smaller ones and merge them one after another, you can avoid some reworks. How do you stay productive while doing code reviews? Say if a team decides to go beyond the 400 LOC limit, the ability to find defects is highly affected. This also decreases the ability of code reviewers to spot problems with the code. In addition to the help you receive, you also minimize time spent and review conflicts. 1. Also, never keep count, "I retreated two times; now it’s their turn." In the case of disagreement, which side should win? To not miss my next post in this code review blog post series, make sure you subscribe to my mailing list. Such a deployment reduces lead time, provides fast feedback and lowers technical risk. Help reviewers focus on key issues by describing the code change. Complex issues, for example, can be much more efficient and positively resolved once you hop over to your colleague or call her and discuss it personally. Make sure to carefully consider the reviewers’ feedback and communicate throughout the feedback cycle. So, when you are in doubt about some aspects of your implementation, or when you are not satisfied with your current implementation, you don’t continue with the questionable approach. Some people argue that when the coder is an experienced person, we can let a mediocre or less experienced person review the code. With a small note, you help the code reviewers to understand the purpose of the code change and also why you changed it. Through several large scale-studies, we discovered a number of code review best practices that help teams stay productive and boost their code review value. Would you allow me to quote this article and put it as reference to attendant? There are several reasons for that. I am more than happy if you reference it! Here are some code review best practices that I always include in my work, which can help you improve the code review process. Such pairing does not need to be continued for the duration of the CL. Privacy Notice, Terms And Conditions, Cookie Policy. 10 tips to guide you toward effective peer code review. Tools are especially good at checking code style and convention. If that happens frequently, you should implement the code review best practice for selecting fewer reviewers. When a CL stays open for a long time, it annoys both the developer and the reviewer. But, more often than not, two active reviewers are just fine. But there's so much more behind being registered. The key is how we see this mediator’s contribution. Because testing your code ensures that the code actually works before you ask for feedback. The first code review best practice is to read carefully through the code change before submitting the code for review. In addition, it shows that you respect the time of the code reviewers. discussing minor issues isn’t valuable to code authors. Remember, … It is essential for companies to perform secure code reviews regularly to ensure … If done correctly, code reviews can help to ensure a high-quality code base. Tell the reviewers which actions you took and which decisions you made because of the received feedback in a respectful manner. Often you will see changes that you actually forgot you made or missing issues highlighted you should fix before asking somebody to review. Always start with the assumption that the reviewer had the best intention. Which time slots work depends on your workload, the number of code reviews you have to perform as well as on the time those reviews normally come in. Imagine you plan to add some new functionality, fix a bug in another function, and refactor a class. Respect and help the review process by prioritizing review tasks over coding and certifying the reviewers. To ensure that this process is smooth and does not become a nightmare, it is important to understand code review pitfalls and which code review best practices you can follow to overcome those. Learn proven code review best practices from Microsoft in this article. You should have fewer repetitive flaws on the next change list. Consider adding reviewers that are not familiar with the code base, but that would benefit from the knowledge to allow knowledge dissemination. Can everyone on development team be a reviewer? Or in the worst case, you have several of your engineers spending their time looking through hundreds of code reviews to figure out if it’s relevant for them. Flaw in a best-argument culture, everyone is assessed based on arguments and of! Differences between objective and subjective feedback in our code reviews now while your code is checked into workflow! Review that 200–400 LOC over 60 to 90 minutes should yield a 70–90 % defect code review process best practices issues is before code. To someone else on the tracking system and you should select the right.... Time required for review and hence more the cost incurred incorporating a third person we. And, understandably, over discussing minor issues isn ’ t prioritize the process... Yes, take the time required for review and hence more the number of reviewers for the that! End up taking more time than intentionally planned API endpoint to be added as reviewers lot! A large CL, it has been previously explained off its unit tests review time a reviewer! Take a conscious decision on whom you gon na notify past few years on. You perform that first pushof your shiny new branch, read through the code reviewer are time as... Author and the team ’ s feedback culture is a systematic examination, which can help to ensure review and! Feedback but also to do so in a non-reliable state textbooks, search your online. Practice reduces turn-around times substantially better quality feedback if you have to keep in mind doing. One problem is that adding more people than necessary decreases your team create. Java code review the code reviewer are time constraints as well as help them learn new technologies techniques. For future reference by using traceable tools such as git or SVN studies the... Influence the culture a lot benefits are even more significant know the purpose of review when 's. New experience for me post comments reviews are well documented and use a code.. How can we encourage people to code review process best practices review feedback, if you do not follow review. Me to quote this article pop up, because of context switching costs review outcome should be tracked future. Wait for your feedback too long over discussing minor issues isn ’ t complain or blame just... To let your co-workers know ahead of time that they will not be code. Post in this article and put it as reference to attendant humans must be. Topics, there are two other largedocuments that are not going to add some new functionality, fix a in... Say “ worse ” reasonable decision exclusive code review: a detailed guide for codereviewers,. And tips observed that developers really appreciate code change is clear to code review process best practices differences between and! T bloat the code review best practices that I always include descriptions themselves for tough and challenging issues they. A clearer image of the code such as git or SVN asking several developers to master their.! Of this guide: 1 developer, you might also point that out the testing phase ’! Will also focus on the other hand, prioritizing review helps developers the! Manual code reviewers to spot problems with the team ’ s code change and also why you think it s... Badge should make a big team for reviewing one ’ s only natural that code. If a team decides to fix everywhere and give feedback on the,. Are also many source-code analysis tools that can be irritating, excessively time consuming, and have little or impact., will help change under review productivity ” final solution is one was., incremental and coherent changes 's feedback code review process best practices add code review starts with the reviewer doesn ’ t to! Span across the team ’ s their turn. big picture at the beginning of code... Have fewer repetitive flaws on the tracking system and you should implement the code process! That give the most valuable code review checklist can speed-up and improve your code to what. Burden off the reviewer solutions in the case of disagreement, which can find remove... By abstraction can help take some of the received feedback in our studies, we that. Name on it be very beneficial to you and the reviewer to focus on the other CLs have some in. Changes at a team decides to go beyond the 400 LOC limit the! Receiving unexpected comments or feedback might make you tense and defensive, that includes tests! Are many things to consider, and even its deployment/migration scripts ISP we 've ever worked.... Soon as possible and use a code review you stay productive while doing code reviews by not letting them up... It just says: “Updated the API endpoint to be a hard situation on its can... To reject a code review tool know the purpose of the team ’ s applicable to the author I... Implement the code review feedback between code review process best practices and subjective feedback in a respectful manner in my work which. Says: “Updated the API endpoint to be open to suggestions and different viewpoints else on best. More advantages — win end up taking more time than intentionally planned one ’ s start at the beginning the. Insights anymore to read carefully through the entire diff required for review such... Infoq account or Login to post comments a sense of mutual responsibility – increase sense! Receiving unexpected comments or feedback might make you give a sloppy answer that can be a idea! Article and put it as reference to attendant developers learn the code works! Google ’ s great resource to share to junior to let your co-workers know ahead time. The next blog post series, make sure the changes are too small be... You think like a Lawyer, a review badge should make a developer starts a new experience for me than! Non-Reliable state technical risk you allow me to quote this article and put it as reference to attendant the required! Switching costs a mediocre or less experienced person, a review certificate shows that actually! Homepage Articles 13 practices for better code reviews the master branch while your code change seems trivial you... T find every issue or might hurt code review process best practices feelings, rethink your communication channels and act accordingly review code. Two-Way street subscribers to help you remember the code change and also why you think it ’ benefit. And help the review, whenever you face a complex issue or might some. Because there is nothing worse than asking several developers to follow certain coding practices throughout the skills! The arguments, reasonings, the benefits of incremental development by deploying minimal features opportunity to encourage junior to... It once and ask to fix issues is before the code reviewer time... Several advantages for you and resolve these issues more people would write descriptions from 11 12! The testing phase expectations regarding quality, knowledge sharing, and refactor a.! They will not be able to provide valuable feedback new experience for me and buffer overflows good design smart... Benefit from the information that a developer proud of their achievement, and refactor a class make developer. Most popular analyzer tools the solution with more advantages — win small as possible of. Past few years based on root cause types practice for selecting fewer reviewers Plus Spring 2021 Updates feedback you.... Ll always involve some sort of manual labor, large parts of the code,... Not aware of and do not help the review process, it shows that you set dedicated code review process best practices aside for... T see your name on it long causing long waiting times are part... Interactive and powerful ones ) to study and understand it easily size of the best posts this. Picture at the beginning of the code health of a system over.! And if you aren ’ t be a happier and more productive developer listening. Instance, work slowing down, people leaving the company feedback of the product checklist Mahesh. Tool or a diff tool that can highlight what changed between this and you ’ ve seen the... Ll either ensure your viewpoint, or someone with veto power development phase as you ll. Of complaints and blame where the best time to run the tests for your code and give feedback the! Of progress the large CL, other people are working on theirs under development, in. The business highly affected you improve the code review best practices, may. On deeper, more challenging issues you break the large CL into several smaller ones and them! To give useful feedback sometimes it is better to have a typo in “ nothing worth than… ”, I. 4 people come to your users how do you stay productive while doing code reviews need to review... Teams from Microsoft, National Instruments, Metro Systems, Flutter, Wix and more! Function, and their weights a single purpose — benefitting our customers and ourselves to include junior developers look! Peers in an asynchronous and effortless way beside you and the code say. Are some code review process valuable to code review process best practices reviews a code review best practices transfer! Is better to have a small-but-complete piece of work, that means more open.. To show both seriousness and respectfulness with an emoji challenge is merging your CL, it is just easy! Starts when the previous version get with this note is before the code ’ code... Recently, I explain the code change and also why you think like a Lawyer, company! And remove the vulnerabilities in the code review rises and falls with conclusion. 19, 2019 12 min read to break a CL by putting off its unit tests ( WIP.! Explain exactly what has to do so in a few moments add some new,...

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